Modern Bridge Building essays

Current Bridge Building articles Current innovation is progressing quicker than we want to think. Our designing wonders of the past are rapidly getting old. Numerous extensions are manufactured utilizing exemplary structures which can be significantly improved with new innovation. Current innovation permits scaffolds to be worked from cutting edge materials with unrivaled quality and flexibility (Wilson I). The curve is one of the more seasoned types of scaffold utilized in numerous Roman structures. It resembles a transformed engineered overpass, with all the pressures supplanted by compressions, and the other way around. The other extraordinary contrast is in the dependability of the framework. You can drive overwhelming load over a curve and cause it to flex, and it will consistently come back to its unique situation, after development. The brace connect is comprised of at least two enormous shafts that can extend over the length of the impediment that it is worked to survive. Numerous cantilevers that turn as the heap on the extension shifts are utilized to try and out the weight on the whole structure. This is the most essential and most broadly utilized plan (Krinsiuns III). The crate brace is an extension that most specialists attempt to dodge due to the pressure that is put on the shafts during development, which has lead to numerous collapses(Wilson I). It is comprised of numerous brackets and boxed or round bars. The link stayed connect utilizes the help of numerous high pressure links that are joined to two huge columns. The extension is very even because of the many separate links, which bolster themselves under high pressure (Krinsiuns III). The engineered overpass is the most mainstream and notable extension configuration utilized today. The most profoundly focused on parts of an engineered overpass are in strain not in pressure. A link, however adaptable, is entirely steady against pressure, and just should be sufficiently thick to withstand the strain, with a wellbeing factor. A swagger is shaky, and should be sufficiently thick to forestall clasping. So a curve can never be as light as a suspension ... <!

The History and the Future of GPS Research Paper

The History and the Future of GPS - Research Paper Example The GPS IIF is the extended variant of GPS IIR (M) which will comprise of 12 satellites through and through the third is propelled in the present year. Another arrangement of GPS Block III is being worked on process which would have the option to give all the more impressive signals and better (PNT). The Global Positioning System gives data identified with time and area. It is a satellite route framework which functions admirably in every single climate condition on and near the earth (Global Positioning System). It is possessed and kept up by the United States of America and serves in the PNT for example situating, route and timing. GPS has assumed fundamental job in modernizing the Air Traffic System and it has profited the military, armed force, common and business clients all around the globe. The entire framework is essentially isolated into three significant sections including Space fragment, Control portion and User section. The initial two are created and worked by the US Air Force (GPS diagram). The space portion comprises of a gathering of satellites which structure a specific shape in the space and transmit radio signs to the clients. In any event 24 satellites are accessible in the space 95% of the time (Space section). The control section speaks to all the ground offices that screen the satellites, dissect their information and keep a mind their exhibition (control portion). The client fragment is utilized to ascertain the user’s three dimensional position and time by GPS recipient gear which gets the data from the satellites and transmit it to the GPS beneficiary gadget (client section). Chronicled CONTEXT GPS was created by the US Department of Defense (DoD) and began its tasks in 1994. The past route frameworks had a few confinements and disadvantages which really offered ascend to the making of GPS. The venture was created in 1973 by the unification of thoughts from the already working route frameworks (National Research Council U.S.). I nitially it ran with 24 satellites. The principal exploratory GPS I satellite was propelled in 1978 and by 1985 ten additional satellites were propelled. GPS was broadly utilized in the Gulf War of 1990-91 (The Global Positioning System: Assessing National Policies ). In 1993, GPS had the underlying operational capacity (IOC) and was demonstrating the Standard Positioning Service (SPS). In 1995, full operational ability was announced to the GPS since Precise Positioning Service was completely accessible. GPS III was propelled in 1998 later in 2005 the modernized form of GPS was propelled with regular citizen signal (L2C). In 2010, programming contrariness was caused as a result of the ground control framework (ELLIOTT). On October 12, 2012 the GPS IIF-3 was propelled. Satellite Orbits Each satellite finishes the hover of the earth in 12 hours for example twice in a day. It flies in the center Earth circle (MEO). The satellites are orchestrated in 24-space game plan such that they ca n be seen from anyplace on the earth. Ordinarily 24 satellites continue flying in the space checked by the Air Force. In 2011, the 24-opening game plan was altered to 27-opening course of action which expanded the inclusion productivity of GPS (Space section). Utilizations of GPS There are different uses of GPS in the common and military divisions. Aside from them it is likewise utilized in several applications in mobile phones, wristwatches, dispatching holders and ATM’s consequently it has become a significant piece of the space framework.

3 Simple Steps To Find Your Online Job

3 Simple Steps To Find Your Online Job Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!3 Simple Steps To Find Your Online JobUpdated On 05/04/2017Author : Praveen SivaramanTopic : Tips and tricksShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozilsz CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogI would say that, the only Industry which was not hit by the recent recession is the Online Industry, hope you all will acknowledge me in this regard. I was also one of the victims of Recession which terribly made a blow on my head when I finished the graduation but I got hands from the online jobs. There are loads of freelancing opportunities these days and I have seen many working full time online as well. Blogging has also become a good way to make money these days. I have seen so many people getting struck with the same online job for months and years together. When I inquired them about this most of the answers was “we are not sure of what to do next”. This sounded strange to me so then I decided to post an article about how to proceed to the next online job from the current position.#1 NetworkThis is the most needed one whether you search online of an offline job. Make a network and make it as much as huge it is possible. Social Networking can make the things happen for you actively participate in big social networks like LinkedIn. Try to use this type of social networking sites more and more drink the juices that they give. Search the employers in the sites and post your online resume. (Check out the 3rd point for resume).#2 Cover LetterNext step is creating a good cover letter which will speak more to your employer than you. Do not leave building up your network when you prepare a cover letter for you. I know creating a cover letter will be a tough job but you can refer source or ask experts to craft a beautiful one for you.Here are some things which you must look when creating a cover letter,READFind Your Invisible Online Friends In Yahoo! MessengerAlignment : This is important as an unaligned cover letter gives you a better chance of rejection. Use a good professional font, Arial will do. Do not forget to maintain the size of the font as anything above than 12 can make your cover letter look ugly.Grammar Spelling : This is vital as well. Make sure you have written everything in perfect grammar with 0% spelling mistakes. People never ever tolerate spelling mistakes, this will also project you as a lethargic candidate.Length : Always have an eye on this as a long cover letter is bad. Make sure to tell all the information needed but not too long. Content: This is the most important of all as always content is the king. Try to express your creativity in creating it as most people love creativity. Do not copy others content as it may lose your uniqueness. Try to say your positive points and why they want to hire you.#3 ResumeThis is the most important part that you need to focus on. Your resume should speak everything what you intend to do. As I said already do not copy things from other resumes as it will decrease your uniqueness and the confidence on you as well. I have heard from experts that a creative resume will always help in getting jobs so make it creative. Creative can be like changing the old fashioned resume, the way it is written, things mentioned in the resume or anything which you feel is creative. Try to convince the employer with all your positive points but make sure the length is not too much.Hope you all like it!!Share your thoughts via comments!!

Theme Of Valediction By Seamus Heaney - 1722 Words

Love is both a beautiful and fragile thing that needs constant care and attention. When one loses someone, it can create a sense of loneliness. Seamus Heaneys Valediction describes this feeling as a poem about how a man feels when his lover is gone. The themes he discusses are love and loss. The poem is about Heaneys feelings for his lover and the feelings he has when his lovers absent. He uses images and metaphors that are associated with sailing to depict his experience of grief when the lady is gone. The poem is a plea for this yearning he is feeling about her. This yearning and grief is a powerful emotion. Seamus Heaneys poem Valediction uses sea imagery and metaphors to discuss the themes of love and loss. The first stanza of†¦show more content†¦The space that had been filled with her presence, the activities they did, the routine they had, conversations, and comfort he felt is now gone. The thing that makes the loss so difficult is the fact that it hurts to think and be reminded of what was. His heart has been ripped open and drained because her presence is no longer there. The next stanza in the poem states, All thought. In your presence/ Time rode easy, anchored (5-6). He is comparing time spent in your presence to a boat at anchor which creates a sense of stability and security (5). He uses a synecdoche who is the lady and the feelings for him as a smile when she leaves. According to Literature: The Human Experience a synecdoche is a, figure of speech in which a part is used to signify the whole (980). The speaker described this time spent with his lady as easy going and steady, calm and collected. She was always able to keep a smile on his face when he was around. Heaney is comparing and contrasting how he felt when his lover was there and not there. There is a lot of sailing imagery. He remembers the days he spent with his lover as easy sailing, smooth, enjoyable and uses the imagery of an anchor holding a sailboat down. But her absence has rocked the boat that is being tossed around and close to falling. The patterns and routine of their lives hav e been lost, and he is drifting along as a boat does at sea. This contrast between when she is

Is Bernie Sanders A Better Opportunity For All People

Bernie Sanders is a son of an immigrant and has realized that the vast majority of Americans at one point stemmed from immigration. It is the fundamental belief that the U.S. has a better opportunity for all people. His proactive plan includes a path to citizenship for eleven million undocumented Americans, a future policy to uphold our country’s beliefs, and to balance trade agreements Thousands of people immigrated through Angel Island, â€Å" 22 million immigrants entered the country through Ellis Island and the Port of New York,† (â€Å"How Many Immigrants†) and eleven million undocumented people from the U.S.’s southern border have entered the country illegally. Sanders stands for equality for all Americans, not only the ones with papers. This candidate stands for an America that takes pride in caring for thy neighbor and being a haven for the oppressed. Bernie Sanders stands with us, not against us. Currently in the United States, there are eleven million undocumented people living here. â€Å"4.1 million† (Undocumented Americans.) of these immigrants have grown up here and considered themselves Americans. They believe in the American dream and the values upheld by our country. They are not â€Å"aliens† or â€Å"criminals.† They are simply undocumented Americans. Senator Sanders wants to create a clear and realistic path to citizenship for the eleven million.†Future legislation must contain a roadmap to citizenship that allows aspiring Americans to become lawful permanent residentsShow MoreRelatedBernie Sanders Is The Best For The Presidential Position926 Words   |  4 PagesI believe Bernie Sanders is the best for the presidential position because he wants to help immigrants who are undocumented here and will do better for this country. He is a flared candidate who has an important message to the people, record free of evildoing and corruption. N o other candidate has the credibility Bernie has on economy. For decades no one has paid attention to the American economy when it rigged in favor of the billionaire class at the expense of everyone else. Now people are finallyRead MoreA Strong, Democratic Stand Point, By Bernie Sanders1212 Words   |  5 PagesThrough a strong, democratic stand point, Bernie Sanders has one of the strongest resolutions to immigration. Being in a family of immigrants himself, Sanders understands a lot of viewpoints from the immigrants. To solve these problems, Bernie has come up with an elaborate, six step plan. This plan covers making it easier to get a visa, making it easier to bring your family when you immigrate, and making equal and fair trade rights. This plan will be a major step towards solving the task at handRead MoreBernie Sanders : A Strong, Democratic Standpoint?1210 Words   |  5 PagesThrough a strong, democratic standpoint, Bernie Sanders has one of the strongest resolutions to im migration. Being in a family of immigrants himself, Sanders understands a lot of viewpoints from the immigrants. To solve these problems, Bernie has come up with an elaborate, six step plan. This plan covers making it easier to get a visa, making it easier to bring your family when you immigrate, and making equal and fair trade rights. This plan will be a major step towards solving the task at hand.Read MoreAn Individual s Freedom Of Expression953 Words   |  4 PagesSupreme Court’s willingness to equate money with speech has been to â€Å"effectively gut campaign finance law† in the United States erected to prevent corruption and limit the influence of special interests on American politics (O’Connor et al. 374). Bernie Sanders, a U.S. Senator from Vermont and an independent presidential candidate vying for the Democratic Party’s nomination, called the Citizens United Supreme Court ruling a â€Å"disastrous decision,† and wants it overturned. Interest groups participatingRead MoreBarack Obama s Current Tax Code1728 Words   |  7 Pagesrespective tax proposals. While the Democratic candidates generally agree with President Obama’s current tax code, all four candidates are looking to reform it in some way in order to, in their own eyes, better the current tax code affecting today’s citizens. For the Democratic party, I will be taking a look into the proposed tax policies of Hillary Clinton as well as Bernie Sanders’. On the other hand, for the Republican Party, I will examine the tax policies of Donald Trump along with Marco Rubio’sRead MorePresidential Elections : Presidential Election1746 Words   |  7 Pagesif all they did was vote. However, the upcoming presidential election seems to be different from previous elections just due to the massive amount of attention it is receiving in the media. Fox news had their largest viewer turnout when airing the republican debate, hitting a record of nearly 24 million viewers and the same goes for CNN, whose record viewer turnout for the democratic debate reached about 16 million people. This amount of interest and enthusiasm coming from the American people couldRead More`` Garnering The Youth Vote, By Terry Ryan1372 Words   |  6 Pagesinterviewed, young people expressed the importance of trust and a desire for change, â€Å"The interviews disclosed some pro- McGovern attitudes widely held among young people. A desire for change was mentioned by many supporters†¦Young people will vote for McGovern because they do not like or trust Nixon and think McGovern is more sincere and honest† (Ryan, 1972). This desire for a change away from the status quo existed during the McGovern campaign and exists today with the Sanders campaign. While HillaryRead MoreA Outlook On Student Debt1122 Words   |  5 Pagessolving the student debt issue. Elizabeth Warren, a Democratic senator from Massachusetts, has been concerned about the constant rising of interest rates on student loans throughout the years. She proposes a certain bill to help cut down such rates. Bernie Sanders, another Democratic senator from Vermont, focused on the importance of the young generation earning an education. He attempts to make college more accessible for everyone. Lastly, Robert Reich, a former United States Secret ary of Labor, has pointedRead MoreFeminism And Gender Equality And Equity Based On Gender1060 Words   |  5 PagesMany people are often misinformed or given bad first impressions of feminism. However, feminism is equal rights for all people of different race, sex, gender, and sexuality. Many of the people that give feminism a bad name, include a self-proclaimed feminist that is running for presidency, and meninists who are satirical equal rights activists. In reality, feminism is pro-gender equality and opportunities for all types of people. Feminism is the belief that people of all different backgrounds shouldRead MoreA Statement Of Reform Education Literacy1912 Words   |  8 PagesPertaining to Bernie Sanders’ Candidacy In a recent BuzzFeed article, a freshman at UCLA was asked how his life as a college student was going. It s the remix to ignition, there s no food in the kitchen, my whole life is a mess, I don t know what s going on and I can t afford my tuition. The life of a college student is stressful. Getting to class on time after staying up all night studying and trying to earn a degree on pop tarts and canned potatoes is not an aspect many people dream of experiencing

Personal Freedom in Leviathan and Candide Essay - 1621 Words

The basis of Leviathan relies upon a theoretical readjustment of the state of social affairs. Candide, on the other hand, is that state of social affairs. Whereas Hobbess Leviathan relates that of how the state of human nature can be changed and adapted to a desirable social order, Voltaires Candide shows the difficulty of being within the sorry state of the human experience. But where does the concept of personal freedom come into play within these two basic premises? And how can a person compare such highly different interpretations of the spectrum of personal experience? Hobbes has presented to the reader a geometric and organized map of an ideal governing situation. Man is a product of nature. But the interpretation of†¦show more content†¦It should be taken into account that Candide is by no means a scientific geography of human existence like that of Hobbess work. It is, rather, a satire of the human experience. The character Candide is, initially, sickeningly optimistic. He and his educator, Pangloss, observe a strict adherence to the philosophy of Leibniz. Pangloss, in a oddly cheery mood declares his philosophy: It is clear, said he, that things cannot be otherwise than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end... Consequently, those who say everything is well are uttering mere stupidities; they should say everything is for the best (Voltaire 2). Here is the basic satirical idealism of the beginning of Candide. Candide and Pangloss look for the best in all life situations (Pangloss quite comically claims that although the new world brought syphilis, it brought chocolate as well). Yet, Candide, after being thrown out by the baron, is forced into a series of events that will slowly change his opinion of life and force him to reexamine the cost of personal freedom. Being thrown into the midst of horrible events like civil war, Candide comes face to face with the ugly state of nature, a nature not unlike the uncivilized State of Nature in Leviathan. There is still that right to survival, and this isShow MoreRelated A Comparison of a Hobbsian World and the World of Candide2234 Words   |  9 PagesThe Disparity between a Hobbsian World and the World of Candide    In an anarchistic Hobbsian world, man leads a purely selfish existence, perpetually waging war against his fellow men.   In this world Nature subsists as a playing field for evolution: only the strong and cunning survives, and even survival results in life that is nasty, brutish, and short (Hobbes).   However, with restraints (that is, government), a Hobbsian world can blossom into society.   According

Educational Technology and Other Learning Resources Essay Example For Students

Educational Technology and Other Learning Resources Essay Manually Educational Technology and Other Learning Resources One of the biggest concerns that have been aroused in academic sittings is the presentation of appropriate educational resources. Perhaps so, this paper will discuss my understanding of educational resources I have learned reading chapter 11 of Jeremy Harmer 2010. One of the things that I learned from this chapter is that not academies use the same resources to present suitable ideas, facts, and skills that are to develop students knowledge of the world or to enhance the inborn abilities of students in field of education. In addition, different means such as projectors, laptop computers, Audio players, electronic whiteboards and overhead screens, textbooks, are used to display arranged teaching information in classrooms all around the world; moreover, I also learned about some other classes that are designed without all these resources. Thus, in this kind of classrooms the instructors simply approach the class, for example, with a picture or He/she can take on students through their own thoughts and experiences that bring from outside the class. In classrooms where instructors design lesson plans based on using simple objects like picture, esters and flash cards, it Is critical to consider whether or not students respond effectively. I realized that some students do not respond when they are provided with simple means as teaching materials, because they think that they are being treated childishly. So, It is Important to stimulate students Interest according to what they like to deal with. After reading this chapter, I learned that there Is always a better way to project a successful classroom lesson. I was always thinking about the textbooks with large tittles and confusing activities at the end of each chapter. It was not easy for me to think of how I can present or teach this kind of textbooks if I will become a teacher. Now, I learned that a teacher would simply change the actively and Ignore confusing large tittles and even He/she would replace the textbook with another textbook. I also learned different ways of finding Information from dictionaries, encyclopedias and online. Dictionaries usually present Information about particular Items In clear and concise forms, and encyclopedias present classified Information about every possible topic. The Information that Is taken from a did online Is not always credible, so I learned first to find out If the side Is credible and then decide If I can use It as a source of Information for my student. In conclusion, I learned that there are many sources of Information that can be used In classrooms; however, teachers should be careful about students reaction about the Information they want to present as teaching materials. If the procedure that Is not suitable with students Interest would not result In an effective lesson In academic campus. Educational Technology and Other Learning Resources By Manually-Shams esters and flash cards, it is critical to consider whether or not students respond childishly. So, it is important to stimulate students interest according to what they like to deal with. After reading this chapter, I learned that there is always a better become a teacher. Now, I learned that a teacher would simply change the activities and ignore confusing large tittles and even He/she would replace the textbook with another textbook. I also learned different ways of finding information from dictionaries, encyclopedias and online. Dictionaries usually present information bout particular items in clear and concise forms, and encyclopedias present classified information about every possible topic. The information that is taken from a side online is not always credible, so I learned first to find out if the side is credible and then decide if I can use it as a source of information for my student. In conclusion, I learned that there are many sources of information that can be used in information they want to present as teaching materials. If the procedure that is not suitable with students interest would not result in an effective lesson in academic

The Treaty Of Versailles Essays - Military History By Country

The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles In the peace settlement Germany was forced to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I. This was a totally justifiable demand on the part of the victorious powers. The Treaty of Versailles was enacted into history in June 1919 with Germany forced to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I. Since then there has been considerable debate concerning the war but even today historians still cannot fully agree upon the causes. Some support has been given to the theory that Germany was totally responsible for the war however substantial evidence does not support that view. Therefore the insistence by the victorious powers to include in the Treaty that Germany accept total blame cannot be justified. This essay examines certain events and actions prior to the July crisis. These caused tension and hostility among nations but did not have a direct bearing upon the war. Also it has been determined that there were decisions and courses of action taken by several nations following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne which did have a direct bearing upon World War I. Development of political and military alliances caused tension and hostility among nations leading up to World War I. Two major alliance systems developed due to conflicting national interests which had been evident during the past two decades throughout Europe. These were the "Triple Alliance" of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy and the "Triple Entente" of Britain, France and Russia. Also several smaller countries became indirectly involved in the alliances which effectively divided Europe into two "Armed Camps". Russia pledged to support Serbia in order to prevent further Austrian-Hungarian expansion into the Balkans. Germany stated its support for Austria-Hungary and Britain had given its support for Belgium's neutrality in 1839. However while these political and military alliances existed there is no direct evidence to indicate that any nation declared war on that basis. There had been several ?crisis' during the period 1905-1913. First the Moroccan crisis involving France and Germany during 1905 and 1911. No wars eventuated only tensions and fears regarding Germanys aggressive expansionist policies. Britain supported France being involved in Morocco and France conceded some territory in the Congo to Germany. Second the 1908 Balkans crisis eventuated because of the collapse of the Ottoman [Turkish] Empire. Austria-Hungary annexed the provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Serbia was insensed and sought Russian assistance. Germany became involved and Russia backed down. Finally two wars developed in the Balkans. The first Balkan war [1912] was between Turkey and the Balkan League [Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece] with Turkey being driven out of the Balkans. The second Balkan war ! [1913] occurred between Bulgaria and Serbia/Greece. Winning this war strengthened Serbs position and this gave Austria-Hungary concern regarding its influence in the Balkans. The main significance of the Balkan wars was the position of Britain and France placing restraint on Russia and Germany restraining Austria-Hungary. This did not happen with the July crisis of 1914 which resulted in World War I. [Condron - The Making of the Modern World] Also the two Balkan wars resulted in renewed antagonism between Bulgaria and the other Balkan states especially Serbia and caused general dissatisfaction because of the interference of the great powers in Balkan politics.[Grolier - World War I]. Evidence does support that while the various events discussed did not contribute directly to World War I they did indeed contribute to extreme tensions and suspicions between the great powers and certainly fueled the arms race which in effect prepared nations for the total disaster that w! as to follow the July crisis. The arms race which mainly involved Britain and Germany began in 1896 when Germany took the decision to significantly expand its navy. This intense competition which developed created significant tensions between nations. The intensity to expand was further fueled following each major crisis which developed during the period 1905-1913. Britain hardened its position towards Germany. The arms race also extended to other areas such as the expansion and modernization of armies. Evidence suggests that due to the large increase in expenditure on navies and armies together with transport and equipment Britain and the European nations were in fact preparing for a war that they knew would eventuate at some stage. Germany ignited the arms race with its aim to develop a navy two thirds the size of Britain's to protect the vulnerable North Sea and possibly through the fear of "encirclement" but evidence supports that Britain led the arms race and thus this action contributed significantly towards the carnage and destruction that resulted from World War I. The assassination of

Fractional Distillation Organic Lab Report Essays

Fractional Distillation Organic Lab Report Essays Fractional Distillation Organic Lab Report Paper Fractional Distillation Organic Lab Report Paper If such ideal conditions are not possible as is usually the casethen simple distillation can be applied as long as he liquid in question is composed of compounds that differ in volatility such that their boiling points differ by at least 40 to 50 degrees Celsius. Because the very essence of simple distillation is relies upon the idea that more volatile compounds have lower boiling points and thus when heated to this boiling point will occupy most if not all of the vapor above the liquid pot residue. Because the difference in boiling point for the compounds in a mixed liquid must at least differ by 40 to 50 degrees Celsius in order for purification through Simple Distillation, this procedure should not result in a high amount of impurities in he distillate or pot residue since the difference between both boiling points is great enough that most of the lower boiling point liquid should vaporize without vaporization of the higher boiling point liquid. The experimental set up for the simple distillation procedure is the standard procedure which invokes the use of a a heat source, a magnetic stirrer, a receiving flask for the distillate to be collected in, a condenser with an accompanying inflow of cold water, a stilled, a thermometer, a rubber adapter, an adapter, and check clips. The check clips are seed to stabilize the glass joints while the condenser cools the vaporized gas to liquid. : Because the stilled is where the vapor collects, and the thermometer attached to the top of the stilled must record the temperature of the vapor and thus boiling point of the distillatethe bottom of the mercury bulb of the thermometer must be directly adjacent to the bottom of the opening of the arm of the stilled. When distilling a stir bar must also be used in order to disturb the heat evenly throughout the solution. The apparatus must be loosely covered in cotton and aluminum foil, such that the apparatus is transformed into an isolated system from the environment that does not receive nor release the added heat into the surroundings. This ensures that all of the added heat and temperature change results from boiling point properties of the compounds in the solution. Fractional distillation, like simple distillation is also a separation technique that takes advantage of the differing boiling points of two compounds in a liquid. This technique however, differs from simple distillation in the sense that it can be applied to differences in boiling points of two compounds more sensitive than 40 to 50 degrees Celsius, i. E. 0 to 30 degree Celsius of a difference. This implies that while the lower boiling point liquid occupies most if not all of the vapor at its respective boiling point, in fractional distillation this vapor is composed of the vaporized lower boiling point compound as well as a significant amount of the higher boiling point liquid. In fact, if simple distillation were to be used to separate a binary mixture when fractional distillation was in fact the appropriate technique to be applied, such a distillation would yield an impure distillate. This character would be self-evident in the temperature against volume rape of such an inappropriately applied simple distillation as the temperature would steadily increase and eventually level off only once, indicating that the distillate collected was no more special than the condensed liquid that could be collected from simply heating a compound and then cooling it although the distillate obtained would be more concentrated in lower boiling point liquid. One method in which this characteristic of simple distillation could be applied to purify a binary mixture with compounds that do have sensitively differing boiling points is that the simple distillations could be applied in series. To carry this out, he initial mixture would be broken up into smaller fractions and each fraction would be distilled according to simple distillation procedures until a pure drop of lower boiling point liquid could be collectedsince this pure concentrated compound boils before the other less volatile compound. This obviously is not practical as it yields a very small volume of distillate; however the theory which supports such a procedure is the same theory which the procedure of fractional distillation is built upon. The only difference between the apparatus set-up used for simple distillation and that which is used for fractional distillation is hat fractional distillation makes use of a fractional distillation column which is in between the stilled and the flask containing the pot residue. Some examples of fractional distillation columns are Figurer columns and Hempen columns. Figurer columns are marked by indentations while the Hempen column is often packed with material such as glass beads or stainless steel sponge as well as glass tubing sections. The purpose of such a column is a bit muddled at first however when placed in the context of the theory of the series of simple distillations it can be understood that this column simply concatenates the rise of simple distillations into one process. The reasoning is a hybrid of both Dalton and Royalty Law in that each compound will exhibit a characteristic partial pressure in the vapor at each level of the column with accompanying mole fractions. Therefore at each level of the column there are differing mole fractions of each compound in the vapor with an increasing amount of mole fraction of the more volatile compound at higher levels of the column. Such a gradient is obtained by maintaining the bottom of the distilling column hotter than the top. As mentioned previously, this has the effect of producing a series f simple distillations within the column due to the fact that the vapor that condenses near the top of the column is repaired when it is near the bottom, hotter portion of the column. Such liquid is repaired and recombined with vapor that is concurrently rising from the still pot, this combined vapor becomes increasingly concentrated in lower boiling point liquid while the temperature of the stillest rises, approaching the boiling point of the pure lower boiling point liquid. Because the column provides in essence, a length of simple distillations, the length can also affect the degree to which the binary mixture is purified. The fractional distillation column is designed as such that each level corresponds to an ideal simple distillation in the series of simple distillations which the fractional distillation experiment is modeled after. Because conditions are never as ideal as desired, a column can be characterized by the degree to which its distilling behavior effectively models the ideal series of simple distillations meant to be performed within it. Therefore the efficiency of columns is often described in terms of theoretical platesin this case the term plates simply refer to the level f the column and its respective theoretical simple distillation. Similarly, HEAT or height equivalent to a theoretical platemerely describes the length of the column in terms of theoretical plates contained where length per theoretical plate is the unit describing such a length. The efficiency of fractional distillation columns can therefore be altered by using column packing material whose surface area of contact with the vapors are directly proportional to the amount of series of simple distillations which can be executed. Other factors affecting the efficiency are the length of the columnwhich relates to the HEAT as rebelliously statedthe maintenance of the temperature gradient that is used to reappoint the returning condensate, and the difference between boiling points of the liquids. Applying the aforementioned concepts of Simple and Fractional Distillation to Figure 1 in the Appendix, it can clearly be discerned that there are two distinct plateaus at two different temperatures which correspond to the boiling points of each of the compounds in the binary mixture. The first plateau is that of the lower boiling point, more volatile compound and occurs near 52 degrees Celsius with the second plateau of the higher boiling point, less volatile impound occurring near 89 degrees Celsius; in between these two plateaus is a steady increase in temperature of the temperature. Because Figure 1 from the Appendix varies temperature with respect to volume, Figure 1 indicates that while the temperature was remaining the constant during the plateaus an increasing volume of distillate was actually being collected in the receiving flask (falcon tubes). Through similar reasoning, it can also be concluded that the rapid increase of temperature in between the plateaus corresponds to only a slight increase of distillate collected in between the plateaus. The distillate collected during the first plateau, during the rapid increase in temperature in between both plateaus, and the last plateau are Fraction A, B and C, respectively. After reviewing Figure 1, it was hypothesized that the first plateau corresponded to a compound with a boiling point from 52 to 54 degrees Celsius and the second plateau corresponded to a compound with a boiling point from 84 to 89 degrees Celsius. When referring to the boiling points of the possible compounds it was determined that the first and second plateaus likely corresponding to acetone boiling point of 56. Egress Celsius and Heptanesboiling point of 98. 4 degrees Celsius. While the actual boiling point of Heptanes is 8 degrees Celsius higher than the experimentally hypothesized boiling point, it was the closest boiling point that matched that of the second plateau in Figure 1. The discrepancy between the actual and experimental boiling point was most likely due to the fact that the heating applied was not enough or human errorof which will be described shortly. For Fraction A, approximately 14 ml was obtained, for Fraction B approximately 6 ml was obtained, and for Fraction C approximately 7 ml was obtained. These results immediately raise concern as Fraction B should ideally be a very small amount of mixed compound since the amount of liquid obtained is inversely proportional to the degree of efficiency obtained through the particular fractional distillation. This error resulted mostly because of the amount of liquid the receiving falcon tubes could hold. Fraction B as described by the graph was actually never separated. When separating the first fraction of liquid, the falcon tube filled too quickly, thus requiring another falcon tube to continue collecting Fraction A. Out of confusion and lack of preparation at a critical point in the experiment, Fraction B as described in Figure 1 was actually collected in the Falcon tube. This impurity therefore is most likely the source of the discrepancy between the actual boiling point of heptanes and the experimental temperature of the second plateau in Figure 1. Therefore although the subsequent chromatography results are referred to as Fractions A, B and C, such reference is unfortunately of no relation to the theoretical identities of Fraction A, B, and C as defined in ideal fractional distillation experiments. The chromatography exults, Figures 3-5 depict the ratios of compound obtained in the Fractions A, B, and C respectively while Figures 6-8 correspond to a 1:1 mixture of Fraction A with Acetone, a 1:1 mixture of Fraction C with Heptanes, and the unknown mixture before distillation, respectively. In each of the chromatography results of the fractions the Area Report is used to determine the ratio of the compound in each of the fractions, this area report is merely describes the area under each of the peaks as a percentage of the total area under all of the peaks, where each peak is characteristic of a compound in the binary mixture. As GO relates retention time to the volatility of the compound, compounds that elute at greater retention times correspond to the compound that is less volatile or of higher boiling point and vice versa. Therefore Figure 3 that depicts Fraction A, or the distillate of lower boiling point it shows that the ratio of lower boiling point compound to higher boiling point is 1. 829 : 1 or about 2 : 1. Similarly Fraction B in Figure 4 shows a ratio of lower boiling point compound to higher boiling compound of about 1. 4:1, and Fraction C in Figure 5 shows such a ratio to be about 1. 33 : 1. The experiment therefore did have some success as well as failure. When referring to the pre- fractional distillation GO results (Figure 8), a ratio of about 6. 5 : 10 is obtained for lower boiling point liquid to higher boiling point liquid. Therefore the GO results in Figures 3-4 show a significant increase in the concentration of lower boiling point liquid indicating that the lower boiling point compound was separated to a greater degree. Despite this however, Figure 5 shows that there is still a significant amount of lower boiling point liquid in the distillate of higher boiling point liquid. Therefore even though these figures do show an increase in lower boiling point distillate as the experiment progressed, the ideal results would yield Fraction A to be most if not all lower boiling point liquid, Fraction B to have a greater amount of higher boiling point liquid than lower boiling point liquid, and Fraction C to be most if not all higher boiling point liquid. In order to determine whether the unknowns were those as hypothesized previously in the analysis of Figure 1, two assays were prepared: one assay of a 1:1 mixture of Fraction A solution and Acetone and one assay of a 1:1 mixture of Fraction C mixture and Heptanes. While Figure 6 does show some absorbency at the characteristic higher boiling point peak, this was dismissed as due to error resulting from impurities since the ratio of lower boiling point liquid to higher boiling point liquid increased to 4. 1 : 1. Similarly, Figure 7 shows a very slight absorbency at the characteristic lower boiling point peak. This peak was also dismissed as error resulting from impurities since the ratio of lower boiling point liquid to higher boiling point liquid decreased to about 1 : 43. Therefore the identities of the lower boiling point and higher boiling point compounds in the unknown 30 ml unary mixture Acetone and Heptanes respectively and thus correct as previously hypothesized. Conclusion: This experiment was a success in the sense that solutions of greater concentration of lower boiling point Acetone and higher boiling point Heptanes were separated and their identities as determined by the fractional distillation temperature against volume graph were correctly determined and confirmed with GO chromatography.

The cases of Maryland v. King and Florida v. Harris Essay

The cases of Maryland v. King and Florida v. Harris - Essay Example In such scenarios, I believe that the overall circumstances must be considered in totality instead of referring to different legal provisions in isolation and verifying compliance with them. It is also vital that the final decision becomes source of benefit for the maximum number of stakeholders involved and doesn’t breach the universally accepted rights. This paper discusses similar two cases, elaborating on legal facts of the case and arguments presented by different courts. It includes my critical evaluation of the two cases where I strongly agreed or disagreed to either court’s decisions, concurring opinions or dissenting judgments. Case 1 – Maryland v. King: Agreement This began in 2003 when a masked man named Alonzo King raped a woman in Maryland and escaped, not to be found until in 2009, when he got arrested and was identified during a DNA cheek swab test as part of routine search procedures. DNA sample matched the previous one from rape case and hence th e criminal was charged with former offences as well. Subsequently, King went into the Circuit Court to hold that the authorities were not entitled, as per Fourth Amendment Rules, to evade his privacy and conduct routine search on him and therefore any evidence drawn during the course of such procedures shall be invalid and cannot be held in the court of law. The court disagreed and continued to penalize him with life sentenced imprisonment with no allowance of parole. However, eventually Court of Appeals of Maryland agreed to notion presented by King and disregarded the conviction placed on him. In event of disagreement, the Supreme Court intervened and declared King as guilty as there is no violation of Fourth Amendment requirements. Justice Roberts, Thomas, Breyer and Alito gave concurrence that it doesn’t constitute to invasion of privacy while Justice Scalia, Sotomayor, Ginsburg and Kagan gave dissenting opinion that DNA test is too specific and advanced to be considered as a routine procedural check and is only executed when there is a preconceived suspicion on an individual (Supreme Court of the United States, 2013a). I agree with the court’s final decision in this case as it seems most appropriate, legitimate and socially correct. Firstly, nature and duration cheek swab test is so minor that it cannot be considered to be a source of privacy intrusion. Secondly, it is essential to consider the end-results to any incidence. In this case, the DNA test eventually generated favorable results by identifying a criminal that was long lost and roaming free in our society. Thus, this decision also indirectly benefits our community by keeping its interests safe from such escaped criminals. DNA test is merely a method used for crosschecking an identity so it can be stored in database for subsequent retrieval and can also be used to generate past criminal history of the guilty individual. Additionally, the Fourth Amendment rules cannot be stated to hav e been breached if any check or search has been conducted in pure good faith with no biased intentions. Obviously, it is difficult to prove good faith but overall circumstances, as in this case, give clear cues regarding the reasons behind the test being conducted. Therefore, in light of the above arguments, I believe that court’s decision was legally as well as ethically correct and furthermore, I would strongly recommend that regulatory authorities must use lessons from such instances to adjust legal provisions and include DNA testing practice in standard routine search procedures as it does atleast no harm to the society as a whole, if not

Human Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Nature - Essay Example Maslow’s hierarchy of need theory, which associate motivation with people’s needs, informs my view of human nature. The theory identifies different levels of needs that expand to the macro social environment, but with the aim of meeting an individual’s needs. Self-actualization needs, for example, may lead to macro social achievement such as establishing and managing a social center for the benefit of needy members of a society, but the key drive is an individual’s need for self-actualization (Griffin and Moorhead 86). My view on human’s desire is consistent with Hobbes’ view that factors such as fear and curiosity motivate humans. The view is however contrary to Locke’s view that some aspects in life are unattainable and people should stop striving towards them. This is because Locke’s view undermines motivation (Rosen 8, 9). Based on my conception that people are self centered and may therefore undermine others’ interest, a set of rules that provide for strict and significant penalties for non compliance, is necessary for governing people. Without such a set of rules, however, people may exercise their arbitrary power and undermine other’s rights and

English-language films Essay Example for Free

English-language films Essay Your Name Reference Number Email id The objective of this form to capture feedback from our valuable students related to their experience with ISBM. We intend to capture your views on the complete Objective cycle of your experience with ISBM. This will help us to serve you and other students better and achieve a better satisfaction index. Thank you in advance for your precious time. Mobile Number Instructions to fill this form 1 2 3 While answering the questionnaire, select only one option. For some questions, there are additional spaces provided at the end of question. Use this space to provide any other feedback relevant to that question. Please post the filled form to: ISBM, A/222 , Shanti Shopping Centre , Opp. Railway Station, Mira road (E), Thane-401107, Maharashtra, INDIA 1. How was your admission handled by ISBM? Excellent Good Above Average 2. Did you receive the books well in time? Yes No Average Poor 3. How would you rate the quality of course material for the compulsory subjects? Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor Additional Comments (If Any) 4. How would you rate the quality of course material for specialization subject(s)? Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor Additional Comments (If Any) Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 1 of 4 Q4-2008. 5. Any suggestions for improving the content of subjects offered? 6. How was the support from our examination department? Excellent Good Above Average Average Additional Comments (If Any) 7. How do rate the pattern/structure of our examinations? Excellent Good Above Average 8. Did you face any problems with payment of fees? Yes No If Yes then please specify Poor Average Poor 9. Any specific concern/problem which remains unsolved? Yes No If Yes then please specify 10. How do you assess your overall experience with ISBM Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor 11. How many of your friends are/were students of ISBM? ____________ 12. Mention your achievements in Personal and Professional life due to ISBM. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 2 of 4 Q4-2008 13. List out any five positive sides of ISBM. 1 2 3 4 5 14. List out any five suggestions/improvements for ISBM. 1 2 3 4 5 15. Would you like to refer your friends/family members for ISBM courses? If yes, please provide us with the following details. Phone Number Name Email id (With STD Code) 1 2 3 4 Thank you for your precious time. ISBM will analyze your satisfaction rating and try its level best to serve its precious students better. Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 3 of 4 Q4-2008 Hi, Greetings from www. bigvacancy. com BigVacancy is a partner of Indian School of Business Management and Administration (ISBM). As a part of its placement assistance, ISBM has tied up with BigVacancy to provide its student exposure to the various job markets. We request you to register with us on www. bigvacancy. com and post your resume on the same site. Registration is free on our website. Our registered employers will thus have an exclusive database of ISBM students for recruitment. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us from our website. www. bigvacancy. com Wish you all the best. See you as a registered member of BigVacancy soon. Best Wishes, ISBM BigVacancy Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008.

Joan Of Arc Essay -- Essays Papers

Joan Of Arc Witchcraft is an on going concern throughout all ages in history. Many people believe in the power of darker forces. Most fear those with special gifts and begin to make accusations formulated through jealousy. Joan of Arc was one of those people that had many gifts and foresaw the future through divine intervention. Burned at the stake for being accused and tried as being a witch, she never gave up her pride or lost faith in her God. Joan was born in 1412 and lived in a small village called Domremy, which is located in the Champagne district of northeastern France. She grew up as the daughter of a farmer. Often working on the farm and tending to the animals, Joan lived the life of a peasant woman.1 She did not attend school and never learned to read or write. Even though she was illiterate she spent most of her time praying and attending church.2 At the age of thirteen she became aware of something she soon came to call "voices." Joan perceived these voices as being divine. Later on these voices Joan heard led her to reveal a secret outcome of a battle that only the king himself had knowledge of. After learning of Joan's prediction, the rightful king, Charles VII called her in to talk and Joan told him about her visions and prophecies.3 Meanwhile in France, the English began to gradually invade the central area. This was part of the One Hundred Years War, and the English threatened the city of Orleans. Orlean s is located eighty miles south of Paris and if the English would have captured the city, Paris would have probably been next.4 The only solution to this problem was to stop the English at Orleans. At age seventeen, Joan of Arc suited up for battle to lead her troops to Orleans and drive the French ... ... Press Ltd, 1996. 36. 16. Wheeler, Bonnie. Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. New York: Gerland Publishing Inc., 1996. 58. 17. Michelet, Jules. Joan of Arc. New York: University of Michigan, 1957. 31. 18. Pernoud, 161. 19. Wheeler, 98. Bibliography - Beevers, John. Saint Joan of Arc. New York: Hanover House, 1959. - Lightbody, Charles. The Judgements of Joan. London: George Allen and Urwin Ltd., 1961 - Michelet, Jules. Joan of Arc. New York: University of Michigan, 1957. - Pernoud, Regine. Joan of Arc. New York: Stein and Day, 1966. - Warner, Marina. The Trial of Joan of Arc. Great Britain: Guernsey Press Ltd, 1996. - Wheeler, Bonnie. Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc. New York: Gerland Publishing Inc., 1996. - Winwar, Frances. The Saint and the Devil. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1948

Costa Coffee Essay

Costa Coffee was founded by Italian brother Bruno and Sergio Costa in Lambeth, London in 1971. Then in 1995, Costa was sold to Whitbread Company as its subsidiary. During the period of global economic recession, 2009, Costa achieved a remarkable level with 60% profit increased and 23% revenue increased1. Moreover, as the largest coffee chain in UK, Costa paid  £36m for the acquisition of ‘Coffeeheaven’ at the end of 2009. So far, Costa Coffee operates in 28 countries with the total number of 1,600 stores2. Then what are the key successful factors which made Costa expanded quickly with high profitability in the fast growing and competitive coffee industry? In order to answer this question, I will apply PESTLE Model and STP Process to analyze the strategy and marketing issues. Strategy: PESTLE As a component of the marketing environment, the macroenvironment include many factors which have great effect on the decisions of strategies. Political In 2010, the new government, coalition government (Cameron Ministry), published several new policies which caused the decrease of the poll rating for the party3. And one of them is the Taxation policy. During the past two years, the VAT rate had a fluctuation: decrease from 17.5% to 15% and back to 17.5% in 2009/2010 and increase to 20% in 2011. Clearly, the low VAT rate means lower price to customers and then lead more sales. Also the 20% VAT rate will affect the Costa customers since they may try to stop buying or purchase less to resist the VAT raise. Due to the increasing demand of high-quality coffee, the company who holds certified coffee beans and fair trade coffee beans will gain more product differentiation advantage. From 2008, Costa Coffee has started to convert its entire coffee supply to sustainable grown beans4 which was from Rainforest Alliance Certifiedâ„ ¢ Farms. Also, in order to implement the Fair Trade, in 2006 the Costa Foundation was set up to support the coffee growers lived in Colombia, Guatemala, Uganda and so on5. Through the Costa Foundation, the local people have been provided huge amounts of education opportunities and job positions. Economic During the economic crisis in 2008-2009, the government reduced interest rate and VAT rate in order to boost consumption and accelerate the economic recovery. In some extent, these policies are helpful to raise the sales since people feel like paying less for the same product. However the high unemployment percentage means that the purchasing power of buyer is weak. People cut their budgets on food, cloth, and other non-essential goods, such as coffee. In 2010, the economic started to recover. The VAT rate and interest rate have been raised in order to increase the government revenue. And followed the increased VAT rate, the inflation was higher. As a result of these factors, the prices of ingredient and goods seem to be higher also. Also for the companies like Costa which involved in the foreign exchange, the decreasing exchange rate of sterling will make the companies’ purchasing power weaker. Then under this condition, Costa tried to focus on cost saving and menu changes to keep its profitability6. This is a better way to retain the customer with the old price. However, Costa should be aware of quality of ingredient and taste of new menu products. In my opinion, Costa could consider about cutting operation cost which is a large part of total cost. Sociocultural The growing population implies a huge potential market for coffee industry, but it also means companies need to provide wider ranges of products and services. Also the rising number of educated people will increase the demand for quality coffee. Moreover the change of attitudes to work and leisure has influence to the coffee houses. More and more Laptop generation and white-collar workers prefer coffee shops as their second office because of its relaxed atmosphere and delicious coffee. Costa has already found this trend early and moved its shops into the bookshops. Under the co-operation of Costa Coffee and bookshops, both of them got the benefits on sales. In addition, the change of lifestyle is also a factor. Due to the drink driving legislation, the consumption of alcohol drink has a huge decline. Therefore instead of going to pub, more people are going to the coffee shop. Costa achieved a huge success at the social and cultural communication with the public. Since 19717, Costa Book Awards started to improve the communication between readers and writers. Also Costa encourages everyone to read wide range of books and make personal comments. Technological It is obvious that high technology will offer lots of advantages on efficiency, productivity, and profitability to the coffee brewing world. Therefore Costa should continue updating the information and upgrading the machine. It will be more effective on management if Costa could use a new electronic point of sale (EPOS) system which was first installed by one of the Costa Coffee franchise in 20108. Environmental Company must consider more about the environmental concerns in their production process. They should use sustainable strategy in the long-term. Costa Coffee tried its best to protect environment. In 2009 Costa started to use a number of Iveco Daily 6.5-tonne urban delivery trucks which could improve the fuel efficiency in its daily delivery9. Moreover, the Costa coffee cup could be recycled widely because of the material-certified sustainable pulp. However there are still some uncovered considerations. Recently Costa Coffee was doubted that it did not respect another resource of environment – wildlife (monkeys) according to the TV advertising10. Legal Besides meeting the standards of Employment law, Costa always keeps working on improving the health and safety of products. In 2009 Costa Coffee signed up to the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) drive to provide healthier food outside the home11.

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay - 951 Words

What comes to mind when you hear the names Romeo and Juliet? I think of love, hate, and most of all tragedy. It is a tragedy because their love led to their deaths and because Romeo and Juliet were responsible for their own destiny. From the start to the end of their love affair they knew they were going against their parents’ wishes. Romeo and Juliet also made selfish and immature decisions. And as we all know, it was Romeo and Juliet who chose to kill themselves. All of these things contributed to their premature deaths. From their first meeting, Romeo (a Montague) and Juliet (a Capulet), knew that they were both from feuding families. Shortly after they first met Juliet said, â€Å"My only love sprung from my only hate.† [Act I sc.5 ll†¦show more content†¦Romeo and Juliet rushed into the marriage without really thinking about it. They were not ready for marriage. This is shown by another irrational decision; when Romeo killed Tybalt. This happened right after he had married Juliet. Romeo did not think of Juliet or what would happen if he killed Tybalt. After he was banished from Verona for killing Tybalt; Romeo said, â€Å"Heaven is here, where Juliet lives† [Act III sc3 ll 30-31]. He was starting to feel the consequences of his choice to go after Tybalt. Romeo thought about Juliet and how he could not live without her. However, he failed to think about how Juliet was feeling having just lost a husband and a cousin. When the nurse came and told Romeo that Juliet could not sto p crying, Romeo offered to kill himself. This was irrational of him and a little selfish. Romeo felt bad so he wanted to kill himself without thinking of the people he would hurt if he did. It was also irrational of Romeo to think his life was over just because he got banished. Romeo said, â€Å"There is no world without Verona walls†¦banished is banished from the world, and world’s exile is death† [Act III sc3 ll 18-20]. It was through an irrational act that Romeo got banished. Romeo thinking that is life was over because he got banished was immature. Juliet also acted immaturely when she learnt of Romeo’s banishment and her impending marriage to Paris. She went to the Friar for help saying, â€Å"Come weep withShow MoreRelated William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1869 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, love is depicted in several ways. Both Luhrman and Shakespeare represent love in different ways in different contexts to both the Elizabethan era and the contemporary audience. Both the original and later manifestations of the text are valued because they both communicate to the audience on the values of love and society by employing a variety of devices. The central subject dealt within Romeo and Juliet is the subject of love.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet558 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of two young lovers whose lives are cut short due to the rivalry of their families, the Capulets and the Montagues. The family feud has been present for decades but once Romeo and Juliet meet they are instantaneously in love. Love at first sight some would say. But could love at first sight really be the case? No it could not. There are many things that serve to prove Romeo and Juliet were not in love. At the beginning of the play Romeo isRead MoreGender In Romeo, Juliet And William Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet1500 Words   |  6 Pagesof masculinity; the ability to act boldly and with purpose. Both directors draw upon the themes of gender to tell their stories subtly and effectively. 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The arising issues of order and authority, fate and love entertain/ed and appeals/edRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a romantic tragedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595, which is over 400 years ago. Romeo and Juliet are â€Å"two star-crossed lovers†, who fell in love at first sight and struggle through circumstances, which ends with their death. There are some characters that are to blame for their deaths and some more than others. The Montagues are someway to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because

Essay on Positive and Negative Effects of Technology in...

To Plug in or Not to Plug in Do personal technologies like phones, iPods, and computers connect or disconnect us? The opinions vary from person to person and generation to generation. Two opinions that we’ll look at specifically are from Andrew Sullivan, a blogger and columnist for the Sunday Times of London, and Anna Akbari, a professor at New York University. When looked at briefly, Sullivan and Akbari’s views seem to be like the opposite sides of the same coin. Sullivan argues from a more personal standpoint that personal technology shuts us out from the world. Akbari, on the other hand, sees technology and our personal devices as a way to open the world up to us and provides facts and results from professional studies that†¦show more content†¦What Sullivan repeatedly revolves around is this whole idea of technology creating our own world, that of which we have complete control. This ability to control our own world becomes narcissistic and eliminates the serendipity of life, or the happy accidents that you could run into. With having control of your own world through technology, everything is specifically tailored to you. The music you listen to is completely to your likes, the things you read all agree with your personal views thus creating less challenging and thought provoking experiences, and the people you ‘meet’ aren’t by chance, but chosen by a friend request or because you decide to take out the ear buds and talk. The happy chances of hearing something new, learning something new, and meeting someone completely different from you, according to Sullivan, are drastically affected by our technology. We end up living in this virtual reality instead of the real world and we deprive ourselves of the actual experience of really living and being human. By contrast, Akbari says, â€Å"We are on a connection journey that happens through the symbiotic relationship of in-person encounters and electronically mediated interactions.† And so I believe it safe to say that this concept of technology creating aShow MoreRelatedTechnology On Our Generation s Future1239 Words   |  5 Pages Technology on our Generation’s Future Technology is machinery created by scientific knowledge that serves an active role in our industries (Computerhope). Around the world technology has become one of the most popular forms of communication (Computerhope). Starting with regular rotary phones and advancing into Instagram, twitter and facetime. Technology dating back to 1943 when the first computer was created by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, and still has a major impact on our lives whileRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Society1507 Words   |  7 Pagesalia Monsanto ENC1101-Swirsky Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Technology’s Impact on Society 21ST century technology has indubitably made life more convenient for us. This can be looked at in a positive or in a negative way. Technology has essentially taken over the world. Replacing almost everything in our homes, schools and communities. Modern Technology has brought tons of negative effects on society including depression, lack of social skills, obesity, poor sleep habits, stress, constant distractionsRead MoreConsumerism Has Changed Our Society1342 Words   |  6 PagesConsumerism over centuries has shaped our society into the world we live in today. Throughout our history, the American dream has been to become the most successful person you can possibly become given the opportunities presented to you. Consumerism has provided our country with a lot of jobs and efficient sources of income for the general population. Consumerism gives our country an upside unlike many other countries in that you could grow up in a hardworking blue collar family and become the mostRead Mor eThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1547 Words   |  7 PagesImpact Of Technology In the Modern World Throughout the life, some influences have shaped people the way they live their lives today. Impact of a virtual connection, and go beyond the brain’s ability, is rising in an eyesight bling, which is a cause of socialization— brain’s ability to multitask and their consequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, whoRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations are coming along each and everyday. 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There are currently mass amounts of research on the impact that cellphones have, but it seems that there isRead MoreImplications For The Future Paper1627 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide two strategies for promoting positive environmental behavior, how positive and negative consequences can increase pro-environmental behavior, describe one positive and one negative example how technology advances have impac ted our environment, and talk about the influence of the environmental policies. Two Strategies for Promoting Positive Environmental Behavior One strategy that would help to promote a positive environmental behavior would be Positive Cueing. Cues are elements in the environment

Gender Roles During The Epic Of Gilgamesh An Epic Poem

Brandon Olmos April 4, 2017 Gender Roles In Gilgamesh, an epic poem, gender roles play a large role in the plot line. Even female goddesses had some key roles through this ancient epic. They might not have necessarily had the same strengths and duties to their male counterparts, but their roles were substantial. Even though the main characters in this epic, Enkidu and Gilgamesh, are male, women still had major roles in their tale. In the story of Ruth, Naomi and her mother-in-law defy gender roles and work for what they have in their place in society. The men in the epic obviously have a positions of power. For example, Gilgamesh in charge of Uruk. Uruk is a city that is really advanced for its time. It was the biggest and the†¦show more content†¦She is a minor goddess, and she definitely has a power role as she is the mother of a demigod. She has his ear, and can steer him in the direction that she wants. In the story of Ruth, Ruth also has an important role in the gender scheme. Ruth is the ideal woman. She is displays good virtue and morals. Ruth was originally married to Elimelech. However, Elimelech and his sons died, leaving Ruth to be a widow without any children. This story in particular deals with gender roles within family dynamics. Ruth originally has the typical family dynamic until the death of her family transforms her life. This was not the typical family dynamic in her culture, as she decides to marry out of her clan. Ruth is definitely not the typical woman as she marries a man from Judah, which is taboo for the two groups of people as they have their differences. She marries Boaz, who treats her well and appreciates her for moving with him. Boaz is affectionate man and shows his respect for Ruth by defending her from sexual harassment from his men. The fact at sexual harassment is the norm in that particular society speaks to how women were treated. They were treated like objects. Ruth was also put to work by Boaz to gut his fields, showing that women were used as tools. Even though Boaz was accepting, his father in law is not as accepting of Ruth, due to the fact that she isn’t like their people. However, even with all the odds against herShow MoreRelatedAthanasia: Human Impermanence and the Journey for Eternal Life in the Epic of Gilgamesh1740 Words   |  7 PagesAthanasia: Human Impermanence and the Journey for Eternal Life in the Epic of Gilgamesh â€Å"Will you too die as Enkidu did? Will grief become your food? Will we both fear the lonely hills, so vacant? I now race from place to place, dissatisfied with whereever I am and turn my step toward Utnapishtim, godchild of Ubaratutu† (Jackson â€Å"Gilgamesh Tablet IX† 4-9) Gilgamesh so much feared death that he threw away his honor as a warrior in order to obtain immortality. 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At the same time, they are depicted as the agent of destruction too. As such, although the females get a smaller portion of the narrative as compared to the men, they are indeed significant as they through their roles, they are able to guide and help the male figures in their heroic questRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh2440 Words   |  10 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient artifact from Sumerian literature. There actually was a King in Sumer by the name of Gilgamesh, who lived at about 2700 BC. The Epic casts Gilgamesh as a ruler and great hero and cast as being part man and part god. The story has Gilgamesh set off with a companion in search of cedar wood to bring back to their woodless land. His companion is killed during a violent storm. The Sumerian Epic blames the death upon the storm god, Enlil. GilgameshRead MoreWomen ´s Role in Litetraute1102 Words   |  5 Pageswomen can now be independent. From the first material The Epic of Gilgamesh to Inferno, women’s power and roles is getting stronger and more important. For the Aeneid, Virgil mentioned different people (gods, goodness, women, and mortal men) role that live in Aeneas. Each character has their own specific part for the impersonal fate staying in Aeneas. There are a few women in these characters. In the Aeneas life, women did play an important role. Like Venus, Lavinia, Penelope, and Juno, they can affect

Reverse Engineering Methodologies

Question: Discuss about theReverse Engineering Methodologies. Answer: Introduction: Reverse Engineering is the method of disassembling a particular instrument or material or computer program to extract and analyze the information, and reuse the details for recreation of items. It is used mainly for analyzing the original design involved, re-documentations of old systems, and sometimes in analyzing and removing malicious computer programs. Taking an example if the lead software engineer leaves the job in the middle of the project, it's difficult to operate the same program by a new programmer. Reverse Engineering is needed to analyze and document the programs and handle this type of situation. This process should not be used for getting a pirated version of the program that may defy the originality of the product and this is considered as copyright violation. Therefore certified program should not allow reverse engineering. Overview of Reverse Engineering The technique used to retrieve data from machine code is divided into 3 categories. Such as without the help of data browsing, having corporate acquaintance and skill and computer-assisted techniques like reverse engineering (Tilley,2000). If we consider all the category, then reverse engineering process is most effective and most advance way to recover data. A software reverse engineering can handle all the complication of the program environment. It can easily find out the source code from the binary code. Normally, the source code contains high level of information and program logic, whereas binary code is a compiled piece of source code which is only machine readable. It can easily reduce the workload of an engineer as it supplies error free program and helps in code scanning, reading, searching etc. The work procedure for it includes scanning the program and then reconstruct it. Some steps are demonstrated below. First phase: The product is first analyzed for different modules, process, sub-process, data elements and then the components which will be reverse engineered are identified. Second phase: This phase involves most of the work. Modules and processes identified in the first phase are decompiled to generate the source code. Each logical component is broken into separate readable programming unit. Third phase: At this stage the decompiled units are used to recreate the new product or document the original legacy system. The newly created product is then tested for system integrity, logical correctness, and desired output. Fourth phase: The final stage involves deploying the new product which has inherited features from the parent application. Obfuscation Some people use reverse engineering in a negative way. They are called hackers(Rich,2004). They decode data for abducting purpose and injecting malicious product. Then a new concept came which is called obfuscation. It is a process to make the program more confusing, willfully ambiguous or harder to understand (Welz,2008). It may be intentional or unintentional obscuring the data. The main intention is to reduce the number of hackers by not allowing them to extract original program. It can protect by different security tools. It can easily control the privacy of a software. The obfuscation of code is a technique which can protect software against attackers and can hide malicious content. Basically, the general aspect of an assembly source code can be obfuscated in many different ways. They are Refactoring String Encryption Refactoring It is the most common technique to be used. It can be achieved by renaming each and every identifier within a project. It cannot be used in all modules. So before using it the whole source code must be analyzed and modified accordingly. String Encryption Sometimes we use any unprintable character in the machine code, so that identifiers cannot read it. This technique is called string encryption, which embeds the encryption key and the decryption function within the code. Using some tools, we can combine a very large number of techniques to produce much obfuscated code. In recent years, code obfuscation can be done through a very reasonable price which can emphasize software security. Obfuscating Transformations Obfuscating transformations is divided into two broad classes. Surface obfuscation Transformation- It can obfuscate the main syntax of a program. Structural obfuscation Transformation- It obfuscates the main arrangement of the program in the structural basis. We can either change its control flow diagram or its behavior(Cho,2010). There are three variant control flow techniques. Such as Basic Control Flow Flattening Inter- procedural Data Flow Artificial Blocks and Pointers Deobfuscation There are number of transformation process require for reversing the code of obfuscation. They are Static Path Feasibility- It is used to refer limitation of basic analysis. It checks whether the new prepared path is workable or not. Cloning- Most of the obfuscation technique relies on the actual execution path into the program to prevent stationary analysis of the program(Babic,2010). These paths can never be taken at run time, but cause false information to be produced along them during program analyses. That's why it reduces the accuracy of information and making it harder to understand the program logic. Both Static and Dynamic Analysis- The actual set of edges is a subset of Static deobfuscation techniques. Dynamic analyses can trace the new program and also prepare different model. Sometimes only one can't do the entire process. So we need to combine both for better result. Role of Static Dynamic Analysis The process which can identify the unknown subject inside a program is called malware analysis. virus, worm, or Trojan horse is some example of it. So it is an essential step to build such technique which can easily identify the malware product. It is important to develop different malware analysis tools to make more effective reverse engineering process. In the past, analysis of virus has been done through an instruction manual procedure which is tiresome and time-intensive. But the number of cases increased, according to time. For all this we need automation in malware analysis. Although security was done after the software development process, but it was not sufficient. Now security testing is done throughout the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). This life cycle is divided into four separate phases, i.e. Design, Development, Production, Maintenance (Clements,2003). After completing every phase, the product is gone for testing which makes it more secure. Automated Inspecting Application can be done in two ways. Dynamic Analysis It is a process to examine a program during run time. A vast number of techniques are used for extraction of data. Dynamic analysis also finalizes the coverage area of code and different dynamic path to follow. Normally, the paths do not consider for testing process which lead bug factor. It works by providing a format of actual programming or integrating the provided code which can originally require during the time of execution(Bus,2004). There are some tools according to run time given below. Compile-time instrumentation gcov, gprof, dmalloc Dynamic translation/VM Valgrind, DynamoRIO, Pin Static Analysis The process which can examine the source code after completion of the program is known as static analysis. There are some process which is used to uncover issues like data-flow analysis, static analysis. Static analysis scan each and every source file and prepare a research chart for analysis and review(Linn,2003). There are some language and their tools given below. Language and framework Static tools C++ or C VisualCodeGrepper, Splint JavaScript JSHint, JSLint Java technology LAPSE+, FindBugs, VisualCodeGrepper Python PyChecker, pylint Ruby on Rails Brakeman, codesake_dawn PHP RIPS Automation in Reverse Engineering Now technology is evolving and automation is frequently used in reverse engineering. Some examples are demonstrated. If we consider Java, then there are different Java compilers. The Java byte-code is completely reversible due to its architecture independence. The most tricky work is decompiling C language. Hex Rays does provide a C Decompiler, but C is a complex language. Context also plays a huge role. Just like what is the difference between pointer or character. The answer is nothing, except the context in which it's used. There are approximately three processes follow to produce a linear regression model of a nonlinear system. Such as automation in probing, partitioning and snipping. Automation in Probing- In this process the extracted algorithms are first converted into a model, then this passive model is converted into an active model through automation which is basically tested in various different stages. Partitioning- It is the division process of algorithm in different equations. For partitioning normally, algorithm follows the random optimization process. Snipping- It is the simplification process during automation. It can easily simplify the algorithm and try to find out errors. It also gives ideas to handle all errors, then redesign a bug free model. In dynamic analysis, Compiler optimizations might use fastcall rather than stdcall. Due to the dual nature of static and dynamic analysis, it's better to merge them which is an applauded work. In two different ways it can be done. The work process is started with dynamic analysis, which try to prepare a different control flow and edge modeling then static analysis try to short cut the flow diagram(Kazman,2003). Conclusion This is the high time to adopt software reverse engineering. If we follow the market, then adoption process is very slow. The effective way is to combine both static and dynamic analysis, which leads to the design recovery of software engineering(Baystate,2011). Every company should focus their program maintenance as well as its protection. It also helps to protect the legacy of code division. Now we have to review back the different phase of program time to time. It can minimize the number of bug factor as well as increase the authentication of the program. That's why some programmer follow the testing cycle repeatedly through the product life cycle. The punishment for the copyright violation should make more dangerous for overcoming all these factor. We should allow more researcher to diversify reverse engineering process. In recent era, Code obfuscation play a vital role for giving error free or virus free product. It can easily minimize the work pressure of a technical. Obfuscati ng transformations depend on the theoretical intricacy properties of some programs. References Comparetti, P. M., Wondracek, G. (2009). Prospex: Protocol specification extraction. In Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy(Vol. 1, pp. 110125). Welz, T. (2008). Smart cards as methods for payment: Bochum. Rich, C., Waters, R. C. (2004). The Programmers Apprentice: ACM Press. Cho, C. Y., Babic, D. (2010). Inference and Analysis of Formal Models of Botnet Command and Control Protocols: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Cross, J. (2001). Reverse engineering and design recovery: A taxonomy. In IEEE Software(Vol. 7(1), pp. 1317). Tilley, S. R. (2000). The Canonical Activities of Reverse Engineering. Netherlands: Baltzer Science Publishers. Clements, P., Kazman, R. (2003). Software Architecture in Practice: Addison-Wesley. Bus, D. Be., Sutter, B. De. (2004). Link-time optimization of arm binaries: In Proc. 2004 ACM Conf. on Languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems(Vol. 1, pp. 211-220). Linn, C., Debray, S. K. (2003). Obfuscation of executable code to improve resistance to static disassembly: In Proc. 10th. ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security(Vol. 1, pp. 290299). Baystate, v. (2011). Bowers Discussion: Utsystem.

Stewards, Mediators, and Catalysts Toward a Model of Collaborative Leadership

The success or breakdown of collaborative governance mainly depends on leadership. Collaborative leaders usually play an encouraging and facilitative role in the organization that enables the stakeholders to effectively work together as a group.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stewards, Mediators, and Catalysts: Toward a Model of Collaborative Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Collaborative leaders have a distinctive quality which is to facilitate not to direct. They must formulate a condition that hold up the stakeholders contributions towards collaborative process and create effective transactions between them. There are three types of facilitative leadership and they include: steward leadership, mediator leadership and catalyst leadership. A steward leader normally facilitates the process of collaboration by protecting the veracity of collaborative process. On the other hand, a leader who as sists in nurturing and arbitrating relationships involving stakeholders is known as mediator. Lastly, a catalyst leader helps the stakeholders to recognize and identify their value-creating prospects. Facilitative leadership requires leaders to take part in these three roles. They should however ensure that their relative eminence of these three roles greatly depend on collaborative goals, antecedent condition and system context. There are also two special facilitative leadership styles and they include: organic leadership who has the potential to draw social capital in an extensive was since they belong to stakeholder community and there is professional facilitator who belongs to outside community but is autonomous of stakeholders (Ansell Gash 2008, p. 552) These two leadership styles have special weaknesses and strengths. They can both act as honest brokers, however professional facilitator usually find it easier to establish neutrality but have harder time persuading and motivat ing stakeholders to formulate effective contributions.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organic leaders have the potential to mobilize and cajole but usually do not have the power to convince their stakeholders. Professional facilitators however do have the power to convince their stakeholders and maintain their integrity. Despite the fact that organic leaders can convene collaborative forums, they are usually the major object of distrust when collaboration unfolds. This is the time when professional facilitators will facilitate meditation process effectively. Collaborative Governance Leaders are important since they efficiently collaborate towards creative problem-solving, service delivery and consensus. They however need to perform within the limits enforced by voluntary action and shared power (Vangen Huxham 2003, p. 22). Powerful catalytic leadership is always r equired from organic leaders who aim at collaborative governance for creative problem-solving. Perspectives on Organizational Change: Systems and Complexity Theories The ability for change management and survival in organization is increasingly becoming paramount in an environment where there is high competition and market globalization exists. Organizations are therefore forced to acquire competitive advantage by having the potential survive and manage change. The process of organizational change can be successful if examined through complexity and systems theories which have the potential to equip leaders in various organizations with understanding and knowledge on how they can adapt and respond to demands and uncertainties of change in the global market (Amagoh 2008). Complexity and systems theories are useful in different areas in an organization and they include: in organizational design, corporate strategy, organizational intelligence and in knowledge management (Amagoh 2008, p. 542).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stewards, Mediators, and Catalysts: Toward a Model of Collaborative Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Changes in any organizations are usually interconnected to various complex effects and causes. Complexity and systems theories can offer the managers with avenues of how they can address complex dilemmas in the organization and how they can learn to appreciate them too (McElroy 2000, p. 201). Many attempts have been made to apply Organizational change theories since 20th century. The initial effort that was made involved system theory models which were majorly concerned with constancy and equilibrium and how they could be upheld through negative response control. The business is being scrutinized as corporate environment through the systems theory. Stakeholder’s relations are what comprise of organization environment. However, organizational envi ronment is increasing in complexity such that the system concepts are no longer sufficient to handle the complex phenomena (Amagoh 2008). This is the reason why complexity theory emerged which was meant to handle complex issues such as non-equilibrium, instability, entropy and surfacing of new structures and patterns in the organization (Amagoh 2008). Based on complexity theories views, systems are evolving; they can organize themselves to formulate a new thing.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most common trends in contemporary organizations are usually towards pervasive and continuous change and interdependence increase. They do also close parallels between public and private sectors where similar environmental tests are experienced. Public and private organizations are therefore forced to face tumultuous environments which are characterized by many uncertainties caused by dramatic changes brought by economical, technological and political factors. A more complete and vibrant change management analysis has been formulated to help in comprehending management process better. This is why, complexity and system theories were integrated to help understand the fluid process disruptiveness of organizational change (Amagoh 2008). Client Empowerment and Quality Assurance In United Kingdom, quality of work offered by social care services is usually measured in terms of Best Value reports or Quality Indicators. It is however generally concerned about regular performance measure ment. User satisfaction survey is usually required. However this methodology does not normally give the user the chance to respond in holistic manner concerning the services offered. This means that the clients are not empowered when it comes to measuring quality creating a big dilemma on the issue. Anything that is not measured in relation to quality enhancement, client empowerment and quality assurance is normally defined as an outcome, a process or an intervention (Dowling 2008, p. 215). After conducting a study on career and user experience in United Kingdom and Eastern Europe, it was found that client empowerment process is crucial to the future quality enhancement and quality direction of policies in the country. Over 500 individuals gave out their experience of how they are being treated in public. The old, young, children, parents and disabled people were involved in the study. It was found that the welfare users were least empowered in the group in all the countries studied . When it came to gender, class, age, disability, ethnicity, material resource and education, they found that these people were excluded by the society but professionals involved with them together with the staff members are under paid and their status is also too low. The quality of service offered by social services is considered based on how quality is measured, how social service users and careers can contribute to quality service, how the quality of service offered can be improved such that innovative, ongoing and participative quality measurements are developed in social care organizations through career and user partnerships with the staff and managers of social care. There will be different meaning for user and career groups if client empowerment is different and the quality of services offered is different in developed nations. There can be an improvement in quality measurement if the user and the career organizations are in a position to provide evidence on their own thoug hts and perspectives alongside managers, work partners and social care workers. If user and career involvement and evidence are valued and lastly if they resource welfare services in such a way that partnership working can be offered and quality can be measured (Pfeffer Coote 1991, p. 120). Mini-Literature Review This mini-literature review is to find out the difference that exists between the three articles, to find out the questions which the three articles are trying to answer and how they answer the research questions. Lastly, possible research questions concerning the topics of the three articles are formulated which are to be studied. The difference between the three articles discussed above concerns the topics discussed. The first article talks about how the success or breakdown of collaborative governance mainly depends on leadership and facilitated by three facilitative leadership styles known as: steward leadership, mediator leadership and catalyst leadership. The second article talks about how the process of organizational change can be successful if examined through complexity and systems theories. Lastly, the third article talks about client empowerment and quality assurance. The question that the first article (Stewards, Mediators, and Catalysts: Toward a Model of Collaborative Leadership) is trying to answer is why leadership is an important variable when explaining failure or success of collaborative governance. This is because the success or breakdown of collaborative governance mainly depends on leadership. Collaborative leaders usually play an encouraging and facilitative role in the organization that enables the stakeholders to effectively work together as a group. Collaborative leaders’ role is to facilitate not to direct and contributes towards collaborative process and create effective transactions between stakeholders. On the other hand, the second article (Perspectives on Organizational Change: Systems and Complexity Theories) is trying to answer how organizational change theories of complexity and systems can be used to describe complex, unpredictable, chaotic and dynamic organizational transformation processes. Complexity and systems theories have the potential to endow leaders in various institutions with indulgent and facts on how they can acclimatize and react to stipulations and qualms of change in the global market. The third and the last article (Client Empowerment and Quality Assurance) mainly answers how the quality of social care can be considered based on how quality is measured, how social service careers and users take part in quality service and lastly how to improve service quality to develop quality measurement of social care organizations to increase on innovation. There can be an improvement in quality measurement if the user and the career organizations are in a position to provide evidence on their own thoughts and perspectives alongside managers, work partners and social care workers . If user and career involvement and evidence are valued and lastly if they resource welfare services in such a way that partnership working can be offered and quality can be measured. Lastly, possible research questions concerning the topics of the three articles are: whether client empowerment and quality assurance exists in the world if they are not allowed to give out their thoughts? Why are people still being judged based on their ethnicity, age, class and gender? Secondly, with the coming of new technologies that are being developed every single day, change is paramount and it is something that cannot be avoided; will new organizational theories be developed to manage the complexities that will come with new technologies? Lastly, is collaborative governance success or failure only depends on leadership only? Are there any other factors that affect its performance? List of References Amagoh, F 2008, ‘Perspectives on Organizational Change: Systems and Complexity Theoriesâ €™, The Public Sector Innovation Journal, Vol. 13 no. 3, pp. 530-551. Ansell, C Gash, A 2008, ‘Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice’, Journal of Public Administration Theory and Practice, vol. 18 no. 4, pp. 543-71. Dowling, M 2008, ‘Client Empowerment and Quality Assurance’, The Public Sector Innovation Journal, vol. 13 no.1, pp. 210-220. McElroy, M 2000, ‘Integrating complexity theory, knowledge management and Organization learning’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 4 no. 3, pp. 195-208. Pfeffer, N Coote, A 1991, Is Quality Good for You? New York: Institute for Public Policy Research. Vangen, S, Huxham, C 2003, ‘ Nurturing Collaborative Relations: Building Trust in Interorganizational Communication’, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, vol. 39 no. 1, pp. 5-31. This research paper on Stewards, Mediators, and Catalysts: Toward a Model of Collaborative Leadership was written and submitted by user Lillian Huffman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.