Leadership Essay Example

Leadership Essay Example Leadership Essay Leadership Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Consider It less manifests, and more can be applied If enough energy and determination Is given to the task. A leader can pour his heart and soul Into any activity he wants, and get his hands dirty on any task with his subordinates. I do not mean to Imply an NCO, or other leaders, Job Is not supervision, but there is fellowship to be had in any undertaking: one must simply Know winner ten Ellen Is. Being ten TLS awake Ana areas Is a small Acton Tanat snows much, likewise being the last to quit a OPT session, or volunteering for the distasteful. This last, I have been taught by the Corps itself, must be tempered with understanding of your Marines capabilities and readiness. Again, the most emboldened leader must have the technical assets in order to be a solid leader. On that, not all of this is physical; it can Just as easily mean studying more and harder than those you push to the books, and even acknowledging when you do not have an answer but being the one to energetically seek it out. This drive to succeed for your men, to set the example, is really ordered upon the NCO. The final line of a Noncommissioned Officers creed, their performance will reflect an image of me indicates our obligation to not Just tell, but show our Marines how to live and serve. This standard must be set, and set high to continue in the hallowed footsteps all those who came before us. A leader must demonstrate how to be a Marine and inspire others to emulate his example. Ultimately, the philosophy on leadership that I try to be worthy of, gleaned from classes, role models, and experiences, can be summed up by two words: Follow me.

Free Essays on Anthropolgy- Taking A Nas Song And Depicting The Meaning

have meaning, and we can make a connection with what the singer/ writer has to say. Hip - Hop and rap often are classified as music that promotes; violence, drugs and inappropriate behavior. Yet many of the most famous rappers have sent positive messages to their listeners. Nasir Bin Olu Dara Jones, A.K.A. â€Å"Nas Escobar† has a gift. He writes songs that come from his heart and from what he has seen in his lifetime. Born and raised in Queens Bridge, Queens New York he has seen a lot in his 29 years. His lyrics are â€Å"raw† and to the point. In the song â€Å"I can†, Nas offers lyrics of hope and continued support to children. This song contains many stories, all promoting one thing, with perseverance and knowing that in with time and many lessons to be learned, one will grow and become something great. Nas has been known for many of his songs/ and the meaning of his lyrics, but this song is not only making its way up the charts, but into the minds of many. When one hears a child singing â€Å" I know I can, be what I wanna be, if I work hard at it I’ll be where I wanna be†, it brings a smile to your face; knowing that these kids are singing a song that is catered to them and carries a positive message. The song continues with many short stories; the first one talking about a woman who was going to be a famous singer, but gets caught up with doing drugs and gets nowhere in life. Nas explains that the company one keeps is important, because they can alter your lifestyle, and it’s not always for the best. This is a subtle way of telling kids watch what they do because although it might seem harmless at that time, it can affect you forever. He also shows that drugs can ruin your dreams, so keep your mind straight. â€Å"I met a... Free Essays on Anthropolgy- Taking A Nas Song And Depicting The Meaning Free Essays on Anthropolgy- Taking A Nas Song And Depicting The Meaning Words went put together don’t only make sentences, but the words, phrases, and sentences make visions, pictures and ideas in our minds. Songs often become our favorites or have special meaning when the words have meaning, and we can make a connection with what the singer/ writer has to say. Hip - Hop and rap often are classified as music that promotes; violence, drugs and inappropriate behavior. Yet many of the most famous rappers have sent positive messages to their listeners. Nasir Bin Olu Dara Jones, A.K.A. â€Å"Nas Escobar† has a gift. He writes songs that come from his heart and from what he has seen in his lifetime. Born and raised in Queens Bridge, Queens New York he has seen a lot in his 29 years. His lyrics are â€Å"raw† and to the point. In the song â€Å"I can†, Nas offers lyrics of hope and continued support to children. This song contains many stories, all promoting one thing, with perseverance and knowing that in with time and many lessons to be learned, one will grow and become something great. Nas has been known for many of his songs/ and the meaning of his lyrics, but this song is not only making its way up the charts, but into the minds of many. When one hears a child singing â€Å" I know I can, be what I wanna be, if I work hard at it I’ll be where I wanna be†, it brings a smile to your face; knowing that these kids are singing a song that is catered to them and carries a positive message. The song continues with many short stories; the first one talking about a woman who was going to be a famous singer, but gets caught up with doing drugs and gets nowhere in life. Nas explains that the company one keeps is important, because they can alter your lifestyle, and it’s not always for the best. This is a subtle way of telling kids watch what they do because although it might seem harmless at that time, it can affect you forever. He also shows that drugs can ruin your dreams, so keep your mind straight. â€Å"I met a...

Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Discussion Question - Assignment Example These are optional and vary depending on the terms agreed between the employee and the insurance company or bank. Employers have to be aware of the amount they are required to withhold from each employee. According to the Internal Revenue Service (2015), employers determine the amount to withhold based on the employee’s earnings and the information in the employee’s W-4 form (Internal Revenue Service, para 5). The W-4 form is also referred to as the Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate. It specifies the person’s marital status and the withholding allowances they have, thus determining the amount to be withheld by the employer. The most common reason a company can choose to buy back bonds before their maturity period is due to declining interest rates because bond prices are usually inversely proportional to interest rates. The company may or may not benefit from this action depending on the terms agreed in the bond’s indenture. For instance, the company can pay outstanding debts with a lower rate coupon issue after redeeming the bond. However, if the call price is very high, the company may be at a disadvantage; as they may be forced to pay more than if they waited for the bond to

Connection of Historiography and Memory Research Paper

Connection of Historiography and Memory - Research Paper Example Memory entails the ability to look or hear about some information in present day and then remember such information later when anything related to such is mentioned or seen. Memory is related to the present, meaning that the perception of today is likely to change in the future, based on the contexts and the circumstances that will be there at that moment. Therefore, memory is a dynamic aspect that keeps changing over time, and that is shaped by the current trend (Terdiman, 1993). Various approaches address the relationship between historiography and memory. A first approach is a historiographical approach, which has with it the elements of time and space. According to this approach, memories are the actual events that occurred at some point in the past, while history is the representation of such events by historians in a subjective manner, based on what they can remember and what they perceive as relevant (Schwartz, 1997). Space is another element of memory that relates the past ev ents with tangibles physical locations. Thus, according to this approach, memory entails trying to remember things that happened in the past, which are non-existent today. In so doing, representation of such events becomes a vital aspect, as it helps people in remembering the actual events that occurred, through having them represented in various forms. This way, the approach establishes the relationship between historiography and memory, in that memory is the recipe that builds history, which in turn refreshes the memory through the representation of the past (Terdiman, 1993). The other approach that addresses the relationship between historiography and memory is the cultural studies approach. According to this approach, memory is incorporated in the body of an individual, through mannerisms, habits, and gestures (Schwartz, 1997). This way, an individual transfers such memory to the next generation, which then does the same to the other generations.

The start of the play Essay Example for Free

The start of the play Essay Priestley uses Inspector Goole as a tool for uncovering truths in the household and un-cover the vulnerabilities of the Birling family. He also highlights the different approaches to responsibility within the household (older and younger generation) and could well represent the voice and the opinion of Priestley himself. When the inspector arrives at the Birling household he is described as making an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. This is important because the massiveness and solidity implies that there is no getting round purposefulness of his enquiries. The stage directions also describe him as looking hard at the person before actually speaking. The hardness of his stare links in with the harder light and the sheer harshness is enough to break through the cozy sense of security that the Birlings had before the arrival of the inspector. As well as being used to highlight conflicting views, stage directions are also used to create general presences about people. For example, a stage direction used for the inspector is for when he knocks on the door. The stage direction could describe the inspector just knocking on the door but instead we hear the sharp ring of a door bell. This implies that the inspector will be harsh and concise. Also that he is quite clever and it will be difficult to get around him and his enquiries as he is sharp. The inspector builds relationships with individual characters through the play, and they become more defined and easier to read as the play goes on. His relationship with Birling is mainly one of argument. Birlings views conflict the most with the inspector. The inspector does not agree with Birlings capitalist views as he doesnt like the way that the capitalist ideas look out for oneself. But the Inspector believes in the community and that everyone should work together for a common cause as it would be easier. Birling really hates the idea and describes it as being all mixed up like bees in a hive. The Inspectors relationship with Sheila is also important as it shows that not all of the family is in tune with Birling and quite on the contrary some are on the side of the Inspector. Sheilas new-age opinions and views are much the same as the Inspectors and create a team of sorts (with the addition of Eric) to dispute the facts with the others. Sorry I just cant help but think about this girl Sheila says which confirms her views because as she is distressed by the death of this girl, it shows that she cares about this stranger who she doesnt even know, and this would sit well with the community based, socialist views. Sheila and Gerald are also used by Priestley to start the familys downfall. They are the first relationship to break apart and they set a tone for everyone else to follow. They symbolize the secrecy and mistrust in the household as a whole. except all last summernever came near me. This quote throws up the possibility that maybe all isnt quite as it seems in the Birling family. Its the first real time that the audience may get an inkling as to what the Birlings may really be like and I think thats why Priestley includes it in the play. If Sheila and Gerald who are in love and preparing to be married you would assume that they must be very close. But if they are to separate then I think that its a sign that all the other relationships and family links will also go the same way. Sheila and Gerald start the revelation of truth, and once they have put it into motion, it is very hard to stop, and hence the other members of the household suffer the same fate as Sheila and Gerald. Priestley also uses Sheila and Gerald in the play to indicate divisions within the Birling household. Priestley uses the two characters to highlight the lack of trust between the family. The lack of distrust can be found in many instances such as when Sheila say so you be careful almost warning Gerald, as she seems to not believe his stories about what he was actually doing the summer when Gerald never came near her. This lack of trust is definitely a factor for downfall, and also is representative of the rest of the family and that there are lots of secrets hidden from everyone else that could cause havoc. Of course they eventually do as we know from act two and three where they all get blown into the open. As mentioned before, throughout act one Priestley creates tension between the views of the two generations. All this could easily become a very big factor towards the households downfall because if the family cannot function properly as a team, then there will be a distinct lack of unity. And we know (through dramatic irony) that in the rough times ahead, unity is one of the most important things to have. An example of tension between the older and younger generation comes at the dinner table when Eric says Yes, I know-but still- and his father, Birling replies Just let me finish Eric. This demonstrates Birlings tendency to dismiss any ideas or concepts which are foreign to him. A consequence of this is that after a while the younger generation may start to feel that they are being oppressed by their lack of a voice or opinion. Furthermore, with the household having only one point of view, Birlings, which we know through dramatic irony to be constantly wrong when he says people say wars inevitable fiddlesticks! and ignore pessimistic talk youll be marrying at a good time we can clearly see that the household is headed for downfall. Eric is described at the start of the play as half shy, half assertive and this is because of the way that Birling treats him. His constant dismissal of Erics opinions, and his refusal to start acknowledging him as a young adult and not as a child, pushes him away. When the inspector arrives at the house, Erics views which are not even considered by his father because they do not agree with his own are suddenly seen to be normal, and not an anomaly or misfit. Eric therefore sides with the inspector and also Sheila, on whom the inspectors views have had much the same effect. Their conflicting views are demonstrated often in act one, like when the inspector is questioning Birling about the way that Eva Smith was discharged from his mill. In response, Birling declaims that the girls that he pulls off the side of the street to work in his factory are just resources that he exploits as much as he can by paying them the lowest wages he possibly can. Sheila replies in an almost disgusted voice that theyre not resources to be exploited, theyre people. This shows that Birlings individualistic views which focus on almost nothing but self gain appall Sheila and she thinks his views wrong. This drives a wedge down Sheila and Birlings relationship and therefore emphasizes the lack of unity between the family as a whole. J.B. Priestly uses symbols to great effect in Act 1, for example when right at the start of the play when the family is seated at the dinner table. Towards the end of the night Birling and Gerald take a cigar and a cigarette. I feel that the smoke from them symbolizes a hazy vision, and a lack of being able to see what is about to come. Whilst they are both smoking, they are also drinking port and whisky. Both of the drinks are from a decanter, and if you look through a decanter, what you see on the other side is never what it really looks like in real life. Therefore, I think that the alcohol (and even the glassware that the alcohol is poured from) further symbolizes Birling and Geralds lack of foresight. Another symbol used is the lighting in the room. At the start of the play the lighting should be pink and intimate this represents the Birlings feelings of security in their home, even if it is a false sense of security. This false sense of security is underlined when the inspector arrives and the stage directions proclaim that it (the light) should be brighter and harder. This new brighter, harder light represents the light of truth which is set to expose the Birlings and what they have all done. So to conclude, I think that Priestley lays the foundations for an inevitable downfall right from the off. Priestleys use of Birling is the biggest contributor to the downfall of the household in my opinion as with such a fool at the head of the household something is bound to go wrong. The lack of unity is also another enormous factor, and tension between the household before the inspector even arrives is also another important factor but I think that the foundations are definitely laid in the first few pages of the script. There is a sense of downfall right from the beginning and in my opinion, Priestley makes it more of a case of when and how it will happen, rather than whether it actually will.

Humans are More Alike than Unlike :: essays papers

Humans are More Alike than Unlike "I looked up the road I was going and back the way I had came since I was not satisfied I stepped off the road and created a new path"(Maya Angelou) Humans are more alike than unlike. Once we in America grasp this concept only than will we began to create a new path for the world we live. Many times the word diversity rings in my ear like an annoying telephone that I do not want to answer. Sometimes I feel as we are caught up in a diversity scandal: attending diversity days, diversity workshops, and taking diversity classes just to say we are trying to do something about our racial problem we have in America. Personally I had to step away from these things to re-evaluate my beliefs and values about my fellow brothers and sisters of my world. I was one of those people who was caught up in the going to the workshops and doing the training's and not doing the work within myself. I had to realize that humans are more alike than unlike. When I truly adopted this concept and lived it I finally began to accept that in order for us humans to live together we have to trust, accept and honor one another. Commitment starts within yourself. Once you commit yourself to a cause such as diversity it becomes necessary part of your life just as eating and sleeping. Finally when I figured out it was not the talk but the walk that made the difference I became more passionate about my cause. Being passionate made it easier to tell people what diversity and multicultralism was and what it meant to me. You can talk to you are blue in the face but what you live is truly how people learn, we learn through example. I learned a long time ago that I can not save the world but if I reach one person and they change their ways that one person may reach 10,000 others. That is what fighting for equality means to me. Truly that is what this game is all about changing lives and realizing you may never change the lives of the masses but you continue to fight for equality through diversity. I have dreamed of a world where everyone is equal and I have accomplished in my world this very dream. However, when we in America get and live this concept I have continually talked of throughout this essay only than will there ever be true change in the equality of people in our country.

Online Examination System Essay

The purpose of on-line test simulator is to take online test in an efficient manner for various branches/semesters/courses at the same time and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line test simulator is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. It is targeted at removing all the paper work in the examination process. The system is designed by keeping future in mind so that it can be used in any educational institutions as well as in corporate World with little changes. It saves a lot of time as it allows number of students/trainees to give the exam at a time and displays the results as the test gets over, so no need to wait for the result. Administrator has a privilege to add new teachers and students to the test papers. User can register, login and give the test with his specific id, and can see the results as well. This software can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction is there that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test. The current system is analyzed thoroughly and all the bottlenecks are identified. 2. Users demonstrable needs are captured and freezed. User needs a web-based system, which will remove all the problems in existing system, the user is facing. The user wants a web- based system, which will reduce the bulk of paperwork, provide ease of work, flexibility, fast record finding, modifying, adding, removing and generating the reports. A new system has been proposed on my perception of the system, in accordance with the problems of existing system by making a full layout of the system on paper. 4. The feasibility of the system proposed was analyzed by comparing the following factors with both the existing system and proposed system. The proposed system was found feasible in terms of cost, effort, time and labor. Analysis of the system is complete. 5. Database design is complete. 6. System coding is in progress.

Ethics in Islam

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 Islamic Perception of Business Ethics and the Impact of Secular Thoughts on Islamic Business Ethics Muhammad Hashim Lecturer Government College of Management Science, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan Abstract The purpose of this paper is to exhibit the business ethics perception in Islam and to unveil the western secular values and thoughts regarding ethics. We have presented the various repeatedly verses from Holy Quran and teachings of the Prophet.But unfortunately the western dominancy on our systems with great extent effaced our core Islamic values, beliefs and idea regarding business and trade. The dominancy of their organism has occupied a vital rule in all the major activities in our system and we are constrained to follow. Especially Muslims are striving for much profit and they are ignoring the ethical standard of the business, what Islam prohibits and what permits they don’t care. Being Muslims we have to follow the rules and regulation for business dealings which stated by Islamic jurisprudence the business will sustain its image and will be able to survive.Keywords Business ethics, Islam, Perception, Western thoughts, Quran, Ahadith, Islamic jurisprudence. 1. Introduction: In today’s modern business each business enterprise is fettered to follow the ethical perspective of the business language because no business activity can be best managed and organized without knowing sound Islamic business ethics especially for Muslims. Because the holy Quran says â€Å" Allah has made business legitimate for you† If a person knows about the wide range of issues which are confederated with all the function of marketing so then he/she can best manage the overall business with splendid ways.If we talk about ethics a clear picture comes to our mind about the behavioral aspect of the business person or mangers that how he is going to deal c ustomer in best and suitable manner. If the sentiment of ethics is prevail in the 98 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 mind of entrepreneur then surely he can never deceive the customer at all. Imprudent behavior in this regard may damage or collapse the overall business goodwill and reputation.The tradition of prophet (May peace be upon him) states â€Å"The Muslims are bound by their provisions or stipulations† ( Abu Daud, Hadith No:3120) about infielder and hypocrite who break down the promise the tradition of Holy prophet states thus â€Å" the hypocrite is not a promise person if he makes promise he breaks it and if he makes compact, he act traitorously† (Bukhari,1 hadith No: 32) In country like ours we must follow the Islamic jurisprudence regarding business dealing and the way of conducting daily and routine business transactions. In this behalf we can fo llow the instructions and orders of Holy Quran and Ahadith2 of our prophet (sws).It is the great bounty of Fiege who revealed the Holy Quran for the direction of human beings with clear revelations over prophet Muhammad (sws) who is the incarnation for all human beings a concise lessons and glade tidings for those who believe on day of resurrection/dooms day, warning and wrath for those who belie all the clear sign or verses. It is unethical if some one makes stratagems or plots in daily routine business transaction with their customers using abuse language and showing despise then he is casting his self into darkness and plunge into astray.The great triumph and avert self from seditious or humiliation is to plain business dealings and good behavior with customers. Ancient people of prophet shuaib (A. S) were famous for unethical dealings and wrong measuring and weighing of goods. They were considering adulteration, feigning and dishonesty in business transaction their triumph and r ejoice but they could not know the plot of oft-forgiver, and hence calamity seize them form where they did not know about. In the holy Quran Allah says† And to Madyan people we sent their brother shu’aib.He said: O my people, Worship Allah, you have no other ilah (god) but Him, and give not short measure or weight. I see you in prosperity and verily I fear for you the torment of a day encompassing† (surah Hud, part 12, verse no 84) â€Å"And O my people, Give full measure and weight in justice and reduce not the things that are due to the people, and do not commit mischief in the land, causing corruption. (Hud, part 12, verse,85. ) â€Å"That which is left by Allan for you (after giving the right of the people) is better for you, if you are believers.And I am not a guardian over you† (Hud, part 12, 86) 1 Book name of the Ahadith 2 Sunnah of the Holy prophet Muhammad( May Peace Be upon Him) 99 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Rese arch in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 Further Quran says â€Å"He said: â€Å"O my people, Tell me if I have clear evidence from my lord and He has given me a good sustenance from Himself (shall I corrupt it by mixing it with the unlawfully earned money). I wish not, in contradiction to you, to do that which I forbid you.I only desire reform to the best of my power. And my guidance can not come except form Allah, in Him I trust and unto Him I repent. (Verse no, 88). Further the people of Madyan said, Quran tells us â€Å"They said: O shu’aib, we do not understand much of what you say, and we see you weak among us. Were it not for your family, we should certainly have stoned you and you are not powerful against us. †(Verse no: 92, part 12. ) On other place of the Holy Quran, Allah says, â€Å"the dwellers of Al-Aikah (place name near Madyan3) belied the Messengers. (Surah 26, part 19, verse no: 175)4 â€Å"Give full measure a nd cause no loss to others† And weigh with the true and straight balance. † (Verse no: 181,182) â€Å"And defraud not people by reducing their things, nor do evil, making corruption and mischief in the land. † Then we can see what was the requite for such a transgress nation, they could not outstripped the Quran says â€Å"And when our Commandment came, we saved Shu’aib and those who believed with him by a Mercy from Us. And As-Saihah (torment awful cry) seized the wrong doers, and they lay (dead), prostrate in their homes. (Verse no: 94, part 12. ) It is clear form the above verses that how the people of Madyan were defrauding the people in things, and they were considering short measure and weights to the people accomplishment in their business. This is a single parable a thousand of exemplary events in this regard may prove about outcast people and nations. About lawful business transaction we can see the saying of our Holy prophet (saww) 3 Nation of th e prophet Shu’aib( A. S) 4 Quran( the last revealed book) 100 www. hrmars. com/journalsInternational Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 Islam encourages candor and reliability in business transaction. The Holy prophet saidThe honest merchant/business man on the day of resurrection will be rewarded with prophets, pious, virtuous and martyr people†. (Tarmidhi, hadith No: 1130). Now we briefly converse the term ethics, business, business ethics, and the reason why Muslims have failed to follow the instruction of the Holy Quran and sayings of the Holy prophet (saww) in business dealings. . Literature review 2. 1 Ethics the word ethic is derived from the Greek word â€Å"ethos† means custom and usage. A study what ever is right and good for humans. ( VU,2011)5. Ethics a set of moral principles which enable a person to distinguish between things which one is good and which one is bad. The term ethics i s often use as morality, morality in actions is very important constituent no behavior can be positive with out good and resonance base of ethics. Ethics also sustain behavior and it leads good attitude. Dr Sabahuddin Azmi). â€Å"We may define ethics as normative science of the conduct of human being living in societiesa science which judge this conduct to be right or wrong, to be good or bad. Or in some similar way. William Lillie (1971). Basically the word ethics if we see it in Islamic perspective means to see what is good and bad socially as well as morally because ethics is something which play important role for making and developing an sound and pious society. (syed abul A’ala Mawdodi,1994)6To be ethical it is required to have clear good judgment and responsibilities. The ethics can be covered from education, a person can get and train ethically by learning, but there is no need of some special education for ethics a person can learn form his surrounding and environm ent. To solve difficult situation and face different problem requires ethical understanding, a good human interaction needs a good and sound base of ethics, if a business want to be called an ethical accepted business, so it requires to take such action which are ethically accepted.Most people think that business has nothing to do with ethics but it business ignored the ethical standard will loose its image and not be able to survive. (Muhammad Tufail, 2009) 5 Virtual university Lahore Pakistan. 6 The great Islamic scholar and writer of 21st century 101 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 2. 2 Business Business can be defined any activity which is done for the purpose of earning profit but legitimate activity is called business.Illegal or unlawful activities not reckon in the limit of the business. In literary sense, the term business means the state of being busy; it includes all those activity which are related with production, distribution and selling of goods and services with the core object of earning profit. According L. H. Haney,† it is a human activity directed towards providing or acquiring wealth through buying and selling. † According to Urwick and Hunt they describes â€Å" business s an enterprise which makes, distributes or provides any article or services which the other members of the community need and are able and welling to pay for it. † According to R. N. Owen â€Å"It includes all the commercial and industrial activities which provide goods and services to people with the objective to earn profit. † (Saeed Nasir, 1995) 2. 3 Business ethics So for carrying all these bustles business ethics an important component to formulate particular ethical standard in the framework of commerce and then applied.So business ethics is a device use in exchange transactions to accomplish the obligations. We have seen in the de finition of the business and have already define ethics what does it mean, no it is clear that business includes all production and distribution activities relating goods and services, now we have to follow all that business morality which comes under business ethics and which Quran and saying of the prophet tell us that how we should do our dealings and what norm we should kept in mind before dealings.But we are cent percent failed to follow the ordained of fiege and the saying of the Holy prophet, because we debates on business ethics and business morality but when time comes then we ignore the verses of the Holy Quran and the action of the apostle. Being a Muslim we must see and study the Quran and sunnah,7 as we know being a Muslim that the western secular ethical values are relatively useful in this world but it is respite, and the Islamic code of ethics are much constructive not in this world but also hereafter. In this paper our core debate is to see business ethics in the ra diance of Islamic perception.But unfortunately the western dominancy on our systems with great extent effaced our core Islamic values, beliefs and idea regarding business and trade. The dominancy of their 7 Saying and actions of the holy prophet Muhammad(sws) 102 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 organism has occupied a vital rule in all the major activities in our system and we are constrained to follow. We discuss it briefly. 2. 4 Different isms of secularism and the west approachWest people have the habit of labeling every fruitful growth in the world to themselves. They think that they are playing a major role in the development of the world, about the rules regulation, regarding business and trade, human rights, justice, social and economic development, for example they says that the human right concept was first emerge in Britain, which was drawn up six hundred years af ter form the advent of Islam, (syed abul A’ala Mawdodi,) Lack of curiosity of our young generation is also due to the different isms which have gotten different shapes in the west.For rememorizing the lesson of Islamic ideas to our young generation require a sound and complete set of Islamic core values so It can be hoped to restand or rebuilt the mind of our young people to follow the instruction and set of laws of Islam not only in their daily and routine dealings but also in their entire life.May be there are not many people who have affected from the western sciences and arts but many secular isms which they have presented in shape of agnosticism, or atheism, logical empiricism, realism, atomism, logical positivism, existentialism, evolutionism, naturalism, empiricism, phonomenalism8, pragmatism9, behaviorism and humanism etc with great extent have embedded in present political, traditional, sciences and arts and social sciences and perceptibly these isms are lacking peop le from Islamic faiths and believes.So the reason is that we are for away from Islamic philosophy and need to know form Islamic perspective each and every subject. (Ahmad Hussain Kamal, 2002). Our whole education system is based on western thoughts; the institutions in which you people are studying are the remnants of the west, so how it can be hoped from the young generation to survive in such situation† (syed abul A’ala Mawdodi, 1966) 2. 5Effect of secular thoughts on modern studies 8 The doctrine that human knowledge is confined to or founded on the realities or appearances presented to the senses. 9 An approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. 103 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990The foundation of all modern studies have been laid down on secular thoughts, for example if we talk about medical, engineering, geology, sociology, business trade and commerce etc we are compelled to follow that thoughts which have been emerged in our life, consequently we have kept faraway from Islamic approach to study all these modern sciences. These secular thoughts are clearly moving in our bloods and causing less keenness to Islamic jurisprudence. (Dr. Ahmad Hussain , 2002). 2. 6 Theories of the secular thinkers and philosophersNiccolo Machiavelli and martin Luther two rebel minded philosophers with great extent has damage the mind of the people, similarly sir Thomas more social philosopher, with his book â€Å"utopia†, Tommaso Companella Italian philosopher and theologian, in his book â€Å"city of the sun†, with the advent of eighteen century two more rebel minded philosopher appeared, Renato Russo and Voltaire, Renato Russo published his first article in 1750 and second one in 1753 in the name of â€Å" the beginning of inequality in humans† Russo wro te his third book on the name of â€Å" social contract† in 1763.Russo was the rebel minded philosopher who was completely changed the mind of the people. Karl Marx and Angels, the founder of socialism, bolshevism, Marxism, and communism, the Britain Bradley, Green, Boozing, and Hume, German Immanuel Kant, Goethe, Friedrich Hegel, all of these were affected from thoughts and ideas of Russo. From Russo thoughts and ideas most of philosophers have presented their theories and ideas. The thoughts and ideas of Russo were rebel one, and with great extent that ideas and thoughts dented the mind of other people, and the effect of which we can see on Muslims society and traditions.The ideas of different thinkers grown, and the time came when the concept of mercantilism, capitalism and socialism born. He was the Adam smith who presented the theory of capitalism in his book â€Å"wealth of nation. † Two hundred year old concept of mercantilism which grew in 16th century, and spr ead in wide areas of sub-continents, America, south Africa and south Asia and the remote parts of the Indonesia and Australia which had effected the economic and social system now become changed in capitalism.Obviously these secular systems had drowned people into marsh. And the Adam smith just not stopped but he introduced a new theory of â€Å"freetraddism† and soon the world whole system of business dealing such as, agriculture, industry, and mineral productions came under this theory and system. Then we see john Keynes theory of saving and investing his theory was also created confusion, and wrote down a book â€Å"the general theory of employment, interest and money† in which he presented a new theory regarding economics in 1936. fter that we see a new step in the mid of 19th century which was taken by Karl Marx, by written a detailed and well grounded book in the name of â€Å"Capital† which paved the way to socialism. ( Kamal Hussain, 2002). 2. 7 104 Impa cts of secular views www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990Now the nations who’s societies are built on the basis of these secular thoughts and views, the element of poison must exist there they will considered those things utilitarian for their business and trade, for their economy and society which Islam have prohibited for example, they will not discriminate between legitimate and unlawful resources on acquiring property, they will induce people towards interest, saving, making unfair earning, bribery, theft, hocus-pocus and fraud, making funds, less inclination to alms, free use of wine, alcohol, intoxicant, gambling, flesh of swine, dead animal etc. hey western people just makes rules, plans for business ethics and they implement those which are useful for them. ( Abul A’ala Mawdodi, 1959) The most important thing which western theologians have permitted to use in business dealing is interest. But Islam says it is prohibited either it is in any shape or kinds the receiving and giving of Riba (interest) is unlawful dealing and the money which the person earn form it is haram10. About the origin of interest it is commonly said that it is created from those secular theories which have presented by different western philosophers in different age and time.The wealthier people considered it a easily source for making surplus money, to get the surplus money secured these wealthier people made a search for persons who could guarantee safe return of money as and when called. (Dr. Habib-ur-Rehaman, 2003) 2. 8 What Islam says about business ethics Now our core discussion on business ethics its perception in Islam, in first pages we have tried to show that what west thinks about business ethics, they says it is business morality and morality increase the profit of business concern irrespective of considering lawful and unlawful activities or dealings. We have to see first what Islam is. 2. 8. 1 Meaning of Islam The world Islam is Arabic world and its origin from SLM11 (silm) means submission, surrender, obedience, to yield, or to give one’s self up. Thus Aslama alone means â€Å"he committed himself to the will of God† salm means peace. And silm which also means â€Å"the religion of Islam. † 10 Illegitimate, unlawful 11 Islam 105 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990Islam in law basically of two kinds a) a simple confession with the tongue b) the other that along with confession, there is belief in the heart and fulfillment in practice, and resignation to God. The other meaning of Islam is peace, if one submission and obedience to Allah, that one can achieve real peace of body and of mind and which bring a real peace to society at large. (Khurshid Ahmad, 1999). In one Hadith in which the Prophet (SWS) rep ly on the asking of Jibrael (Gabriel (AS) narrated by Abu Hurairah, Jibrael asked, what is Islam?Allah Messenger (sws) replied, â€Å"To worship Allah alone and none else, to perform prayer (As-Salat), to give Zakat and to observe Saum (fast) during the month of Ramadan† (M. Taqi-ud-DinAl-Hilali, 1998) So Islam is the religion of Muslims. As in the holy Quran Allah says â€Å"This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as religion† (surah 5, part 6, verse no 3). Now if some one seeks another religion for himself, so Allah says â€Å"And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam.It will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be the on e of the losers†. (Surah 3, part 3, verse no 85. ) Quran says â€Å"O you believe enter perfectly into Islam and follow not the footsteps of Satan† (s2, p2 v208) The holy prophet said â€Å"Ad- Din (Islam) is the name of sincerity and will-wishi ng†. (Muslim). We can also study from the holy Quran to know what is exact meaning of Islam for this purpose these verses shows what islam is? S, 20, p16, verses, 13 to16. S 21, p1, v24.S, no 3 v no 19, s no 3 v no 85, s, no 4 v 89, s no 6 v 125, s no 12 v 101, s no 39 v 22, s no 61 v 7,s no 66 v 5. The study of tafsir of Abul A’ala Mawdodi â€Å"tafhim-ul-quran 3rd† and Tafsir of Syed Qutab Shaheed â€Å"fe zalalil quran†12 may be fruitful to fully understand the concept of Islam 2. 8. 2 Need of the prophets (messengers) To every nations Allah sent Messengers to invite them to the right path and to the worship of Allah alone, bring them out from the darkness of polytheism into the light of monotheism. All the prophets sermonized about monotheism (Tauhid) i. e. belief in the oneness of Allah.In several places in Nobel Quran tell us about this fact, Noah(Nuh) sent to his people, Hud sent to his people Ad, Salih sent to his people Thamud, Shu’aib sent to his people Madyan, Lut(lot) sent to his people Sodom, and Muhammad(sws) sent to his nation and for all mankind and jinn. The purpose of sending all these prophets to people is just to preach about Tauhid, to 12 Commentary of the holy book Quran 106 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 worship Allah and none has the right to be worshipped but Allah.And to worship Allah means to obey Him and to do all that things which He has ordained, and to abstain from all those things which He has forbidden. But the place of Prophet Muhammad (May peace be upon him) among the entire prophet is different, because Muhammad (May peace be upon him) sent for all mankind and jinn. As in noble Quran Allah says â€Å"say O Muhammad (sws): O mankind: verily, I am sent to you all as messenger of Allah† (surah no 7, verse, 158) and in another place Allah says â€Å"And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad (sws) gives you, take it and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain from it. (Surah no 59, verse no 7) And also Allah says â€Å"Say (O Muhammad (sws) to mankind) ‘if you love Allah then follow me (accept Islamic monotheism, follow the Quran and Sunnah (legal ways of the prophet (sws), Allah will love you and forgive you of your sins. †(S. no, 3, v, no 31). (M. Muhsim khan, . M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). Narrated by Abdullah Ben Amr ben Al-As, the prophet Muhammad (sws) said: Allah did not send a prophet but gratified him to lead his people to the best way which is known to him, and warn and abstain them against the worst which is known to him. (Shaikh Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz, 1999).Now we have seen from the above what Islam is and why Allah sent Messengers, if we give more Verses and Ahadith our subject will require more time and space which we can not continue here. Now here we shall see what the business ethics concept in Islam what are those business moral ity which Islam permits and which prohibits. 2. 8. 3 Business ethics in Islam The most emphasis which is given in Islam on the ethical character of some one, if we study the holy Quran and Ahadith, we shall find a discernible verses and the saying of the holy prophet Muhammad (sws) on ethical norms and moral codes.Islam emphasized to follow these ethical norms not only in personal and family life but also to follow in business dealings and transactions. Islam is a complete way of life. It provides guidance for all activities either these are individual, social, material and moral, legal and cultural, economic and political and national or international. Islam invites the man to enter the fold of Islam without any vacillation and to follow Allah guidance in all fields of life. (Khurshid Ahmad, 1999) The Quran verses and teaching of prophet tell us about the wide range of ethical norms to be followed i. . in our social contract, contract with family, in equality of the sexes, contract with individual, dealings regarding neighbors, friend, relatives, in business transactions, public 107 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 and private life, chastity of women, security of the life and property, justice, protection of honor, ethics with non-combatants, combatants, sanctity of the property, dead body, and rules regarding the declaration of war. (Abul A’ala Mawdodi, 1999).In one hadith in which prophet Muhammad (sws) says â€Å"I have been sent for the purpose of good morals† In the noble Quran Allah says† ye have indeed in the messenger of Allah an excellent exemplar† (surah no 33, verse no 21. ) â€Å"The holy prophet said â€Å"the best among you is one whose character is best† (agreed). The holy prophet said â€Å"A person devoid of kindness is devoid of any good† (Muslim). Holy Prophet said, A time will come upon peop le when they will not differentiate what they earned is legitimate or unlawful† (Bukhari, 1941. ) In another place the tradition of Prophet (P. B. O. H) states, â€Å"To say a good word is just a charity† (agreed).And said â€Å"Every good deed is charity† (Bukhari) The prophet (SAWS) said â€Å"he who deceives is not of us† other place the prophet said â€Å"the honest merchant will be rewarded on the day of judgment with prophets, pious people and martyrs† (Tirmidhi, 1130. ) Honesty in business not mean that the seller always swear by the name of Allah for his transaction if he does so he doing wrong (Ahmad 14982) The prophet reported to have said â€Å"one who has no pros of trust he does not faith and one who he does not fulfill his promise he has no Din (religion). (Tafhimul-Quran, 1994)13 â€Å"He who deceives us is not of us† (Muslim). Be expeditious in doing goods. †(Muslim). † †(Mulana Sardar Ali khan, 2004). In sh ort Islam is given too much importance on morality and ethics. 13 Commentary of the Holy book Quran. 108 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 3. Ideology14 of Islamic business ethics Here we shall discuss shortly about those beliefs and philosophy which Islam authorizes in business dealing and which comes under the scope of business ethics. 1. Trust 2. Legitimate resources on acquiring property. 3. Order to expenditure 4.Zakat 5. Parsimony (thriftiness) or economic order. 6. Lawful earning 7. Honesty in business dealings. 8. Bounty and humanity in business contacts. 9. Satisfying all business obligations. 10. Reasonable handling of staff. 11. Mutual esteem. 12. Clear business transactions. 13. Purchasing, and buying justly. 3. 1 Trust Trust should be the first belief for every Muslim, because the faith on Tuhaid (monotheism) is the basic steps for all dealings and actions. There are three aspects of Islamic monotheism. Oneness of the lordship of Allah, to believe that there is no Lord except Almighty Allah, He is alone the reator, sustainer, planner of the universe and all that exist. Oneness of the worship of Allah, to believe that none has the right to be worshiped but Alone Allah. Oneness of the names and qualities of Allah, we must not qualify Allah except With what He or His Messenger has named or qualify him† (M. Muhsim khan, M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). Allah says in the noble Quran â€Å"And subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth, it is all as a favor and kindness from Him. Verily, in it are signs for a people who think deeply† (surah 45, part 25, verse no, 13. â€Å"Such is Allah, your lord, none has the right to be worshiped but He, the Creator of all things, so worship Him(Alone), and He is the Trustee, disposer, of affairs, Guardian over all things,†( 14 Basic principles for business ethics in Is lam 109 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 surah 6, part,7, verse no 102. ) and other place Allah the Almighty says â€Å" Verily We have sent down the Book o you ( O Muhammad(sws) in truth: so worship Allah( Alone) by doing religious deeds sincerely for Allah’s sake only. (Surah 39, part 23, verse no 02. ) Similarly in several other places in the noble Quran we can see about the lesson of monotheism such as in surah no 01, verse no 05, part 01, surah no 02,part no 01, verse no 138, surah no 03,part 03, verse no 30,surah no 07, part 07, verse no 29, surah no 13,part 13, verse no36, surah no 16,part 14, verse no 120, surah no 22, part 17, verse no 31, surah no 24, part no18, verse no 55, surah no 29, part 20, verse no 17, surah no 30, part no 21, verse no 28, surah no 40, part no 24, verse no 14. 3. 2Legitimate resources on acquiring property The second main thing which Islam allow to his followers is rightful source of wealth and property, if some one earning so they must discriminate between lawful and unlawful source of income, this discrimination is based on such criteria that if one person earning and the other person suffering loss so Islam does not permit such kind of earning and transaction, Islam only allow those transaction in which both the parties have the benefit and their free consent. Because Islam wants impartiality between dealings. Mawdodi, 1974) As Allah Almighty says in His noble Quran â€Å"O you believe, Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it be a trade amongst you, by mutual consent, and do not kill yourselves,. Surely, Allah is Most Merciful to you. † (Surah 04, part 05, verse no, 29. ) â€Å"And whoever commits that through aggression and injustice, we shall cast him into the fire, and that is easy for Allah. †(Surah 04, part 05, verse no, 30. ) â€Å"And in their properties there was t he right of the beggar who asks and the poor who does not ask others† (surah 51, part 26, verse no 19. Similarly on other places on the noble Quran we can study about the property such as, surah 2, p. 2, v. 188, surah 3,p. 4,v. 186, surah no 4, p. 4 v. 5 and 7, surah no,59,p. 28,v. 7and9, surah no 70,p. 29,v. 25. 3. 3 Order to expenditure The basic teaching of Islam tells us about spending and not collection of money, but here the purpose of spending is not that a man must spent on his or her luxury and spam works but the main point is when a person saved more than from his needs so then it is obligatory to spent that excess amount or money on the way of Allah (sake of).So Islamic concept here is totally different than other secular concepts, here Islam says if one spend for the sake of Allah, his wealth increase, and there will be blessing on his property and wealth and Allah will give 110 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and So cial Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 him recompense. We can find a several verses in the Holy Quran in which Allah ordained to spend for His sake and He will requite for. Allah says in the Quran â€Å"And they ask you about what they ought to spend.Say: â€Å"that which is beyond your needs. † (Surah 2, p2, v 219. ) â€Å"Satan threatens you with poverty and orders you to commit Fahsha (evil deeds); whereas Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and Bounty, and Allah is All Sufficient for His creatures needs, All Knower. †(Surah 2, p2, v 268. ) â€Å"And whatever you spend in good, it will be repaid to you in full, and you shall not be wronged. † (Surah 2, p2, v 272. ) â€Å"Allah will destroy Riba (interest) and will give increase for Sadaqat (charity, alms), and Allah likes not the disbeliever, sinners. (Surah 2, p2, v 276. ) Similarly in surah no 02, p2 v. 280, surah no 02, p2 v. 264, 265, surah no 02, p2 v. 271, surah no 02, p2 v. 2 67, surah no 02, p2 v. 264, surah no 30, p21 v. 39, surah no 35, p22 v. 29, 30, surah no 51, p2 6v. 19, surah no 04, p05 v. 36. Quran also teaches us about to spend for the sake of Allah. 3. 4 Zakat: Islam prohibits earning only for self and not caring the poor people in the society. Islam prevents the concentration of wealth in few hands but ensures the distribution among the poor people in a prescribed rate.Zakat15 will be collected from all those who are involved or engaged any productive business activity or having excess money or holding assets for a period of not less than one year. Islam ensures the best of social security and bring Cooperation with the rest of the community members. (Habib Ur ehman, 2003. ) Because zakat purifies the wealth and bring prosperity in a state and efface the concept of socialism and capitalism in which wealth comes under the control of one hand.In various places in the noble Quran Allah Almighty says â€Å"take Saddaqa from their wealth in order to purify them† (surah 09, verse no 103, part no 10). And other place Allah says â€Å" As – Sadaqat are only for poor Al Masakin, and those employed to collect and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined, and to free the captives, and for those in debt, and for Allah’s cause. (Surah 09, verse no 60 part no 10). In surah Baqara Almighty orders â€Å"Establish worship and pay the poor due (give zakat), (verse no 43. â€Å"Perform As-Salat and give zakat (poor due) and that is the 15 A contribution from wealth in the way of Allah. 111 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 right religion. †(Surah 98, verse no 05, part no 30. ) We can also find several verses in the Holy Quran in which Allah have cleared about the ZAKAT, for example we can see the following verses in the noble book.In surah no 73, part no 29, verse no 20, surah no 58 , part no 28 , verse no 13 , surah no 41 , part no 24 , verse no 07 , surah no 33, part no 22, verse no 33 , surah no 31 , part no 21, verse no 04 , surah no 27, part no 19 verse no03,no surah no 24 , part no 18 , verse no 37 , surah no 23 , part no 18 verse no 04, surah no 22 , part no 17, verse no 41, surah no 21 , part no 17 verse no 72 , surah no 19 , part no 16 verse no 31, surah no 09 , part no 10 verse no 05 , surah no 05 , part no 06 verse no 12, surah no 04, part no 05 verse no 77, surah no 02 , part no 01 verse no 43. The main object of zakat and charity is to help those people who do not beg of people at all. In one hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah: the prophet said seven people will be shaded by Allah under shade on the day of resurrection among them one will be he who practices Charity so secretly that his left hand does not know what his right hand has given†. (M. Muhsim khan, M. T. Al-Hilali, 1999). 3. 5 Parsimony (thriftiness) or economic order Islam also prohibits Mu slim from spending spam and not like a prodigal person. Islam orders to every Muslim to spend according to their needs and they must keep up the concept of parsimony.Those who are extravagant, spendthrifts and niggard persons are not like in Islam. This lesson of Islam tell us about if one person who having sufficient money and spending more than form his need may be a chance to becomes poor and nor permits any person who do act of niggardly or become a meager and do not spend to fulfill his needs but like those who go between these two way. Islam has also closed all the doors of extravagance and made clear rules and regulation for all the things which breaks down the equal distribution of wealth.Islam proscribes all those activities which brings and creates spiritual and moral problems. Allah Almighty says in his book â€Å"And those who, when they spend, are neither extravagant nor niggardly but hold a medium (way) between those. † (Surah no 25, part no 19, verse no 67. ) I n other place Allah says â€Å"verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin (devils) and the Satan is ever ungrateful to his Lord†. ( surah no 17, part no 15 verse no 27. ) so we can find several other interpretations of Fiege in different verses of the Holy Quran.Such as Surah no 07, part no 08, verse no 31, Surah no 17 , part no 15 , verse no 26 and 27, Surah no25 , part no 19 , verse no 67 , Surah no 04 , part no 04 verse no 06 , Surah no 06 , part no 08 , verse no 141. 3. 6 Lawful earnings Islam emphasis on legitimate and Halal earning. There is no compliance in Islam for those business men who conduct their business dealings through unlawful and unligitemate 112 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 means and earns profit.Islam permits only for legitimate business as Quran tells us, â€Å"O you who believe: Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it may be trade among you by mutual consent† (part no 5, surah no 4 verse no 29. ) In surah Al-Baqarah ALLAH says â€Å"These are they who have purchased error for guidance, so their commerce was profitless. And they were not guided†(S. 2,P. 1,V. 16. ) we can also study Ahadith in which Prophet has clearly mentioned the importance of legitimate earning, one day some one asked from Holy Prophet about best sort of gains, Prophet said, a gain which a man work with his hands, and all legitimate activities. Ahmad, 1576. ) Every Muslim business men should aware from all lawful means of business and dealings. Because once Holy Prophet said, A time will come upon people when they will not differentiate what they earned is legitimate or unlawful† (Bukhari, 1941. ) Islam forbids tyrannical dealing such as Riba (interest) and condemns it, Holy Quran says â€Å"Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Riba† (s. 2 p. 3 v. 275. ) the prophet said â€Å"may Allah send down His curse all the persons who uses, pays, witnesses and write down the Riba† (Ahmad. 24), Almighty ALLAH says, â€Å"eat up not one another’s property unjustly (stealing, robbing, deceiving etc. ) and nor give bribery to the rulers† (s. 2. p, 2 v. 188. ) so we can see from the above verses and Hadith that how Islam strictly forbids unlawful dealings and business. 3. 7 Honesty in business dealings Honesty in business dealing is also move up in Islam. There should be clear dealing between seller and buyer. If seller sells his goods or things on fake basis then he will be guilty for that. Islam condemns all fraudulent business dealings.The prophet (SAWS) in several Ahadith also prohibited his followers from doing such practices. The seller and buyer must be honest in dealings there would be no other motive which make a transaction fraudulent and in which both become guilty. Allah almighty says in His book â€Å"woe to those who give less in measure and w eight (ALMutaffifin). Those who, when they have to receive by measure from men, demand full measure. And when they have to give by measure to other men give less than due. Do they not think that they will be resurrected, on a great day† (s no, 83. p no, 30. 1-6. ) In surah Nisa verse no 29, Quran says† o you believe, eat not up your property among yourselves dishonestly except it be trade amongst you, by mutual consent†. The prophet (SAWS) said â€Å"he who deceives is not of us† other place the prophet said â€Å"the honest merchant will be rewarded on the day of judgment with prophets, pious people and martyrs† (Tirmidhi, 1130. ) Honesty in business not mean that the seller always swear by the name of Allah for his transaction if he does so he doing wrong (Ahmad 14982). so we can find a lot to verses and Ahadith of the prophet.Some of the verses of the holy Quran may also emphasis on honesty such as. S. n0 02, 113 www. hrmars. com/journals Internati onal Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 p. 01 verse no 42, s. no 03, p 03, verse no71, s. 103, p, 30, v03, s, 33, p21, v, 08,s,04,p,05,v,107. ,s, 08,p,09,v2, . ,s, 08,p,10,v58, s,22,p1,v38. 3. 8 Bounty and humanity in business contacts Islam emphasis that one should be soft and flexible in business transaction. The dealing between buyer and seller should be on humanity basis.Both the parties either they will creditors or debtors should free to demand his money back. Islam is strictly prohibited from hard words and harsh language in business dealing. The Allah messenger said â€Å"may mercy be on him who is soft and decent in his dealing with others† several verses from the holy Quran shows that hard words and language must not be used while dealing or talking with others Allah says in His book â€Å"And be moderate in your walking and lowering your voices†(s, 31 p, 21, v 19. ) the prophet said â€Å"g ive him the best thing the best amongst you† (Muslim 3002). 3. 9Satisfying (fulfilling) all business obligations Islam strictly emphasis on fulfilling all promise because in one Ahadith prophet has reported to said: one who not fulfills his promise is a trait of hypocrite† by fulfilling promise and contact is an important thing for traders because no one can be trustworthy if he is not fulfilling his deeds. In other place the prophet said â€Å"Muslims are bound by their stipulations† if we study the holy Quran we can find a several verses which tell us about fulfilling promises surah 5 Allah Almighty says† O you who believe fulfill your obligations†( p. ,v1) we can also study about fulfilling of promise from the holy book such as in surah 53, part 27, v 37, s 68, part 29 v,39, s,21 p 17 v09, s 39 part 24 v 74, and s 48, part 26 v 10. All the things between the parties either seller or buyer must be cleared and fulfilled and not lead to any dispute and discrepancy. 3. 10 Reasonable treatment of staff. /workers Prophet (SAWS) said† the wages of the workers must be paid before the sweat dries upon his body† (Majah 2434).And other place said† I will be opponent to those persons on the day of resurrection who does not give him his due to a person who have finished work for him† Islam also teach us to give your brother as you self eat, drink as u self drink wear as u self wear and think as u self think for your self and family. This is the responsibility of the employer that he should provide all the basic things that is give him fair wages, provide him good working condition, and treat him ethically.This way Islam encourages and builds up the guts of love. 114 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 3. 11 Mutual respect/ esteem Give respect to others in business dealing is the dominant principle of Islam. Bus inesses that base on selfishly earning and producing and not caring the society are considered illegal. Islam also emphasis on mutual respect in dealings.In holy Quran Allah says â€Å"By no means shall you attain piety unless you spend of that which you love and whatever of goods you spend Allah knows it well† (s 3, p 4 v92) in several places in the holy Quran it is mentioned that Allah loves kindness and deal with people with kindness. In surah 03 verse no 119 and surah no 05 verse no 54 discussed about love with people. So kindness and mutual respect in business dealing is the leading principal of Islam. 3. 12 Clear business transaction and purchasing and selling justly Business an should be bound for clear business transaction. The buying and selling activities should be on mutual consent and not under coercion. Islam strictly prohibits such dealings in which both the parties are not clear. Even Quran tell us every Muslim business man if he is on dealing with other person so he must write down that agreement and must be cleared to both the parties. As the holy prophet is reported to have said â€Å"sale is not that which is done with out mutual consent sale is a sale which involve only mutual consent† (majah, 2176).Allah says in his book â€Å"O you who believe: Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it may be trade among you by mutual consent† (part no 5, surah no 4 verse no 29. ). â€Å"And whoever commits that through aggression and injustice, we shall cast him into the fire, and that is easy for Allah. †(Surah 04, part 05, verse no, 30. ). 4. Prohibit and illegal affairs in business transaction There are also some dealings in business which Islam considered unethical and illegal contacts and transactions. The seller must not adopt such matters which do not come under the scope of Islamic business ethics.These matters now days are very common in practice in business society. They may include. Earning from H aram (illegal activities) such as selling and buying of win, alcohol, drugs. i) ii) iii) iv) 115 Doing fraud in business dealings, Often swearing by seller for selling his products, or Showing things which are not in reality, window dressing of the products, etc. and those transactions in which parties make promise and not make it to fulfill. Hoarding to make high profit, speculative activities, and www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. , No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) Interest in which Quran strictly forbidden. Fixation of prices, Flesh of the Haram animals, Weapon which cause human destructions, Intoxicants, flesh of pig, Storing of foodstuff for future time and then sell out with the expectation to earn some profit, Fraudulent business practices for selling the products in market, Black marketing, dealings in bad condition goods and stolen goods, cheating in business dea lings, giving short measures Transactions which involve uncertainty. . Recommendation Now what is important to do especially by Muslim as well as by non-Muslim, we have exposed briefly the basic of business ethics in previous pages. Allah says â€Å"This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as religion† (surah 5, part 6, verse no 3). This religion (Islam) the old name is Din, not new. It is almost 4000 years old name which was the Din (religion) of Harat Ibrahim (A.S) who was the spiritual leader and 3/4th of the world accept the power of spiritual seniority, not only Muslims but also Jews, Christians, pagans, Zoroastrian, were agreed on his spiritual supremacy. ( Tafhimul-quran 1994) and Allah says in His book â€Å" He has chosen you and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship: it is the religion of your father Ibrahim( Abraham). It is He (Allah) who has named you Muslim both before and in this Quran † (surah 22, part 17, verse 78).Now if it is cleared that Islam not a new religion it is old one and the religion of Ibrahim. So then no doubt that Muslim and non- Muslim both should follow the rules of this religion which is Islam in their lives either these are social activities, religious activities or business dealings or worship now they are bound to follow Islamic monotheism. In the Holy Quran Allah says â€Å"he commands them for Islamic monotheism and all that Islam ordained, and forbids them form all disbelief, polytheism of all kinds that Islam has forbidden.He allows them lawful things i. e. Goods, foods deeds, and beliefs and prohibits them as unlawful things i. e. deeds, beliefs, dealings. †(Surah, 7 parts 9 verse 157). Generally for every Muslim business man we suggest these following dominant points to remember and adopt. ? Both seller and buyer must accept the supremacy of Almighty Allah, they should accept HIS sovereignty, love Him and follow whatever H E order and abstain from, in all dealings if its relate business dealing or any other moral conduct in social life www. rmars. com/journals 116 International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 ? Business dealing should be pure, the trader must be cleared with other party, especially the seller in dealings must out all the things clear, he should be honest and when promised then must fulfill. Dealings should be faired not fake. Softness must be kept in mind by traders or sellers while dealings, because gentleness is the basic thing for all dealings.Do not make the basis of dealings on bribery or corruption, interest, fraud, lie, etc The seller and buyer should also put aside their dealings from all illegitimate sources such as, gambling, black marketing, speculation, stock reserve or hoarding of food, fixation of pricing and all illicit items from which Islam is prohibited. ? ? ? 5. Conclusion In today modern busines s world business ethics have their own dominant role in business society. We accept that the secular business morality is utilitarian and supposed to be relative and may give benefit to the society nd both to seller and buyer as well, but the Islamic perception on business ethics not only useful and relative but also base on humanity and work for long time. Muslims especially adopt those practices which benefit to mankind and review all the business activities which are unlawful and also harm for society and for his/her own organization. This way we can say the business world will be prosperous and will survive for long time. 117 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 7.References Dr. Ahmad Hussain Kamal, (2002). Nizam-e-Ma’Ishyat Aur Islam, (Muslim economic system) Urdu version, 1st edition, Taib Publishers Lahore Pakistan. P. 6-10 Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman, (2003). Islamic Fina ncial Instruments, 1st edition, Publisher Sardar khan welfare trust, Peshawar Cantt Pakistan. Dr. Mohammad Shafi (2000). Business and commerce in the Quran, First written for Dar al Islam Teachers’ Institute Alumni News Letter, spring. Dr. Muhammad Din, (2003). Islami Nizami Hayat, 1st edition, Urdu version, Publisher Taj Kutab Khana Peshawar Pakistan. Dr. Sabahuddin Azmi, (2010).An Islamic Approach to Business Ethics, Lecturer, College of Islamic Banking, World Al-Lootah University, Dubai. Dr. Anwar Iqbal Qurishi, (1946). Islam and the theory of Interest, Sheikh M. Ashraf Lahore. Dr. M. Najatullah Sadiqi,(1981). Ghair Sood Bankari, 4th edition, Islamic Publications E. Shah Alam market Lahore Pakistan. Dr. Muhammad Muhsim khan, Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din. Al-Hilali, (1999). The Nobel Quran, English Translation of the meanings and commentary, Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Da’wa and Guidance King Fahad complex Madinah Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Ibn-e-ka thir. 2008. Tafsir Ibn-e- kathir, edition 3rd. Joseph W. Weiss (2008). Business ethics: A stakeholders and issue management approach. Edition 5th, South-Western College Publication. Khurshid Ahmad, (1999). Family Life in Islam, 2nd edition, Publication section Da’wa Academy International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan. Khurshid Ahmad, (1999). Islam Basic Principles and Characteristics, 2nd edition, Publication section Da’wa Academy International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan. 118 www. hrmars. com/journalsInternational Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 M. Tufail and M. Irfan, (2009). Business ethics: Myth and Current Approaches, Abasyn university journal of social sciences, Volume 2, No 1. M. Fazlurehman,(1967). Tejarati Sood, department of Islamic study Muslim university Aligarh. Moulana Sardar Ali Khan, (2004). Forty Hadith Studies, 2nd edition, (English version), Publisher Hira printi ng press, Muhala Jangy Peshawar Pakistan. Moulana Shafi Muhammad. (1960).Masla-e- Sood, Publisher Edara-e- Ma’arif-e- Karachi. O. C. Ferrell. (2006). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases, 7th edition, SouthWestern College Publication. Richard T. De George, History of Business ethics, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Santa Clara University Zahid, (2011). Search Quran, retrieved www. Honestzahid. blog. com Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz, (1999). Indispensable Implication of Sunna and Caution against Innovation, 1st edition, Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Da’wa and Guidance Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Syed Abul A’ala Mawdoodi (1953). Islam’s moral perspective 5th edition, Islamic Publications E. Shah Alam market Lahore Pakistan. Syed Abul A’ala Mawdoodi, (1959). Islam and the modern economic theories, 7th edition (Urdu version), Islamic publications Lahore Pakistan. Syed Abul A’ala Mawdoodi, (1991). Islam and the Ignorant, 25th edition, (Urdu version), Islamic Publications E. Shah Alam market Lahore Pakistan. Syed Abul A’ala Mawdoodi, (1994) Tafheem-ul-Quran, Irfan afzal printing press Lahore. Syed Abul A’ala Mawdoodi, (1998). Human Rights in Islam, 2nd dition, Publication section Da’wa Academy International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan. Syed Abul A’ala Mawdoodi, (2000). INTEREST, 23rd edition, (Urdu version), Islamic Publications E. Shah Alam market Lahore Pakistan. 119 www. hrmars. com/journals International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2012, Vol. 2, No. 3 ISSN: 2222-6990 William Lillie, (1971). An introduction to ethics, 3rd edition, printed and bound by The Chaucer Press Ltd, Bungay, and Suffolk. P,2-4 120 www. hrmars. com/journals

Free Essays on Against TV for KIDS

Effects of TV on Kids Sitting in school, little Jane sits anxiously watching the clock. The teacher is talking to the class, but Jane just can't wait to get home. When the bell finally rings, she runs out of the classroom, and all the way home. After blasting in the house, she runs to turn on the TV. Having nothing more exciting to do, Jane will sit in front of the television until her mom pulls her away for dinner. This is an all to familiar scenario in many American homes today. What many people don't realize are the problems that can develop from young children watching too much TV. Many emerging dilemmas are resulting from this concern. When a young child with a maturing brain sits in front of the TV for several hours every day, it can instigate loss of creativity, impatience, and violence further along down the road. The ability to be creative is an important factor in the development of a young child's mind. By sitting down and watching TV for a couple hours, the child is entertained, but is also not thinking. Information in spoon-fed to them, so when it comes time to read a book in school, some can have a hard time grasping ideas. They are so used to having images flash before them to provide understanding; they have trouble moving their eyes side to side to gather the information for themselves. With the TV in front of them, supplying amusement, they may never stop to think that putting a puzzle together, or reading a book could also be fun. They could actually become dependent on this one source of fantasy, and never bother to create their own. As the child grows older, it is less likely to put effort into playing with other kids, or taking up a hobby. While losing creativity, the child can also gain impatience. By having all the stories and facts plastered clear in front of them, they can easily loose interest sitting in a classroom all day. Even during their favorite TV show, there is a brief change of pace in the stor... Free Essays on Against TV for KIDS Free Essays on Against TV for KIDS Effects of TV on Kids Sitting in school, little Jane sits anxiously watching the clock. The teacher is talking to the class, but Jane just can't wait to get home. When the bell finally rings, she runs out of the classroom, and all the way home. After blasting in the house, she runs to turn on the TV. Having nothing more exciting to do, Jane will sit in front of the television until her mom pulls her away for dinner. This is an all to familiar scenario in many American homes today. What many people don't realize are the problems that can develop from young children watching too much TV. Many emerging dilemmas are resulting from this concern. When a young child with a maturing brain sits in front of the TV for several hours every day, it can instigate loss of creativity, impatience, and violence further along down the road. The ability to be creative is an important factor in the development of a young child's mind. By sitting down and watching TV for a couple hours, the child is entertained, but is also not thinking. Information in spoon-fed to them, so when it comes time to read a book in school, some can have a hard time grasping ideas. They are so used to having images flash before them to provide understanding; they have trouble moving their eyes side to side to gather the information for themselves. With the TV in front of them, supplying amusement, they may never stop to think that putting a puzzle together, or reading a book could also be fun. They could actually become dependent on this one source of fantasy, and never bother to create their own. As the child grows older, it is less likely to put effort into playing with other kids, or taking up a hobby. While losing creativity, the child can also gain impatience. By having all the stories and facts plastered clear in front of them, they can easily loose interest sitting in a classroom all day. Even during their favorite TV show, there is a brief change of pace in the stor...

buy custom Commercial or Business Law essay

buy custom Commercial or Business Law essay Commercial or business law refers to set of rules that govern and guide parties involved in a business agreement or a transaction. These laws govern the activities of the persons or the parties within the transaction. For example for business contract to be signed between two parties there has to be a drawn rules on what each party is expected and their obligation in a specified business transaction. These rules were developed to reduce conflicts resulting from one partys failure to meet their part of bargain and to help in arbitration or litigation in case a disagreement arose . The principle of fact in law refers to a statement which can be substantiated or established by experiment or observation. A fact can be true or force when re-tested with better instruments. In law a for a statement to be a fact it has to demonstrate a cause of action, to determine whether evidence submitted is admissible or can stand trial, as a ground for possible appeal of the case if the needs arose and by authority to establish whether a possible crime have been committed or law broken (Beatty Samuelson, 2010). In the case presented between McClain and octagon Plc these are some of the facts presented from both sides; Octagon Plc leased premises to McClain on five years tenure and the necessary documents were signed by both the two parties. The area had been estimated and the owners of Octagon confirmed to McCain that they were sure of the measurements. The measureents were estimated to occupy 23% of the whole premises and so McCain was to also pay 23% of the open premises (Bak hitiari Uhl, 2012, pp 101-107). The facts provided by owners of Octagon were accepted by trial court on the favor of Octagon but when rested by appeal court, they failed to stand the test of evidence given. It is also evident from their dealings that, Octagon had hidden important facts to the McClain and used that to fraud her. Business law puts a lot of emphasize a lot of importance on the issue of fact and effects of lack of concrete evidence. The business law put a lot of importance on the presentation of fact and makes them abided. In business contracts, the issue of facts has to be applied in presentation of the tenets to the contract; this will protect the parties in dealings and offer room for litigation or arbitration in case of disagreement arising between the two parties. For any contract to be abiding and valid, it has to be based on facts. From the contract signed between the two parties, there are lots of issues about the law; there was lack of complete disclosure by the one party on what constitute the building this was due to lack of good faith on the side of the Octagon Company. The content of the contract was not complete in matters of law as it needs to have been signed before an attorney or an advocate, after receiving and independent report from property agent nominated by consent of the two parties. This couldd have protected the client who suffered loss due to overstatement of the space. The contract was not drawn with consent of the advocates for the two parties as it favored the owner by giving his sides leeway to make many assumptions. The trial court and the appeal court have been drawn into law tussle in interpretation of the contract. The trial court interpretation of the contract was not done basing on what the whole document contained and thus made a decision to indemnify the octagon plc from any act of wrong doing. The content of the contract was not drawn legally and that made the second court to overturn the ruling of the first court. From the legal point, the agreement between the two parties was drawn basing more on the basis of faith and trust between the two parties which the octagon did not uphold leading to financial loss of the McClain. There were overstatement and misrepresentation of the facts, which favored Octagon holdings and less to loss of money by other party. The agreement was legal but Octagon made it appear social bringing loss to McClain. In legal form, octagon should cater for the financial loss incurred by McClain. McClain is also to blame as she was ignorant of the whole process. In conclusion, every business contract has to be based on facts which will guide what each party present and the other accept. The contact assists when the issue of disagreement between the parties arose. Buy custom Commercial or Business Law essay

A Radical Reinterpretation for the Soviet Union Essay

A Radical Reinterpretation for the Soviet Union - Essay Example Reagan and Thatcher, both took the dynamics of conservative approach of politics, such as the severancesgovernmental law of legislation, electoral command, and media treatment for implementing such programs on the ground of national and economic policy. The relationship between both allies (the Soviet Union and the USA) of the Second World War deteriorate after the war period severance on the ground of control of world power already started between the world’s top two powerful nation even before the war. Knowing as the cold war, the rival relationship between these two nations mainly started due to their complete opposite standpoints regarding the management and execution of politics and economic functionalities. When America believed in a democratic political environment, Soviet accepted the policy of dictatorship and autocratic− completely different from democratic orientation. Communist believes the Soviet Union wanted to demoralize the doctrine of ‘Survival of the fittest’ of capitalist America. During the Second World War for defeating Germany and Italy, the associate nations expressed interest to handshake with the communist Soviet Union though both Russia and the USA did not like to agree on that iss ue. Differences in thought between Russia and the USA started to gather the momentum on the ground of allocation of power at the post-war period. After the war, when Russia and the Allies partners divided the territories of Germany into their respective occupancies, the relationship of Russia with the USA and Great Britain turned out into a bitter state of affairs. In one hand Russia almost took the controlling power of eastern Europe in its hand. On the other hand, Britain and especially the USA wanted to prevent the stretching of the power of communism in the world.  

Interpersonal Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interpersonal Communication - Assignment Example The script illustrated that there are various ways to understand what people are thinking or feeling at the moment through the interpersonal mode of communication. The components that will be studied in this paper that relates to the script are 1) verbal 2) vocal 3) nonverbal and 4) visual mode of communication 3. Collectivist – collectivist or group think in interpersonal communication where individual members of a group identify with the perspective, opinion, world view and emotional disposition of the dominant member of the group. 5. High-context – the cultural ecosystem of which an individual operates. Language of high context interpersonal communication needs to be interpreted according to the cultural environment or context of the individual. There are several interpersonal communication elements used in the script beginning from the child and the parents to the employees of the store. These interpersonal communication elements in the script fall into the category of culture are; A. High context – context is the lens of how people see and understand the world around them. In messages, it is their filter or vocabulary in understanding people. Interpersonal communication are often high context communication or involving a great deal of understanding about the feelings, thoughts and intent of the sender. It requires a great deal of communication agility on both the sender and receiver to be able to send comprehensible interpersonal messages (on the part of the sender) and to understand such coded messages on the part of the receiver. In the script, the misunderstanding between the parent and the child in the opening of the script was very obvious with how they argue with the music because of differing context of both parties which they are trying to impose on the other. Both party, the child and the parent has different contexts of what is a good music which caused disagreement. For the parents, their idea of a good music is classical